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WITCH HUNT

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SALUTE TO THE FLAG

PARENTS, TEACHERS CONCERNED

HOME POLICY

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IN THE PEOPLES’ DEMOCRACIES —

"Maintenance of an effective defence
requires a continuation of our aggressive

home.'
PRES. EISENHOWER»

TV aggravates that old problem:
How much sleep does child need?

OTHERS frequently ask how °‘

much sleep a child really

ought to have, and complain that
in summer time, even if they
drive their children into. bed they
cannot get them to settle down.

The important thing is that a
child should get as much sleep as
it needs. Provided that it is given
ample opportunity to sleep, no
mother need worry if her child
does not take it, but continues to
sing or talk after it has gone to
bed. ;

Sleep, obviously, is essential to
everyone, but in very varied
amounts. Not only does the
amount of sleep needed vary
with age, till the end of our lives,

but it varies greatly from one in-
dividual to another.

Most babies, in the first few
months of their lives, seem to do
little else but sleep between
meals. Others are more wake-

ful, and as they grow older they

need less sleep.

It is easy to tell if a child is
not getting enough sleep, if it is
fretful and whining, dark under
the eyes, yawning and rubbing its
eyes persistently.

Teachers complain that far too
many children come to school
day after day, bleary eyed and
inattentive from staying up too
late, and certainly since the ar-

rival of television, mothers havé

had to exert a good deal more
determination to get their school-
age children off to bed.

Probably the easiest solution
of this particular problem is a
“family understanding that the
children may sit up late for TV
one night a week, preferably, of
course on Friday or Saturday.

But the trouble with making
too many exceptions of this kind
is that it makes it more difficult
to establish good sleeping habits,
and sleep is very much a question
of habit.

That is why it is very. hard to
advise on methods of getting a
child off to sleep, because usually
the. question is only asked when
bad habits are established and
then it takes some time to reverse
the process.

x 5° 3 %

- The first thing is to establish a
regular bed time. This should

FURTHER confirmation that

secret notes “have obligat-
ed the U.S..to place any main-
land Chinese areas reconquer-
ed” under the “protection” of
the U.S.Chiang Kai-shek “mu-
tual security treaty” is con-
tained in a recent Internation-
al News Service report from
Tokyo.

The report quoted the Jap-
anese paper Sangyo Keizai
Shimbun’s dispatch from

saying that the “bargain was
sealed in a secret exchange of
notes” between U.S. Secretary
of State John Foster Dulless
and Chiang Kai-shek’s “foreign
minister” George Yeh.

The paper stated that the
secret notes pledged the Unit-
ed States to use American
naval and air power to pro-
tect off-shore islands and to
place any areas ‘“reconquer-
ed” on the mainland under
protection now enjoyéd under
the “mutual security treaty.”

notes throw light on the ag-
gressive aims contained in ar-
ticle 6 of the U.S.-Chiang

U.S.- Chiang secret pact

Hongkong on January 14 as

The contents of the secret |

CHIANG KAI-SHEK

treaty which ‘states that pro-
visions in the \treaty “will be
applicable to such other terri-
tories as may be determined
by mutual agreement.”

Associated Press reported on °
January 14 that “the contents
of the notes have so far not

been divulged in Washington.”

arise quite naturally in a baby’s
daily routine.

Usually at the end of the day,
after the family has had its sup-
per, the baby is laid on the floor
(on a clean towel) to kick and
have fun, but not wildly exciting
fun.

Fathers should be restrained,
at the end of the day at any rate,
from tossing their babies in the
air and wild rompings.

A picture book or singing is
about the best preparation for
bed for the toddler, who should
be tucked up and left quietly in
at any any rate semidarkness be-
tween six and half-past.

Till the child is about six or
seven this is really the best bed-
time. After that it can gradually
get later, until the ten-year-old

-disappears about eight o’clock.

ges rere os
Darkness and quiet are tre-
mendously important in enabling
anyone to drop off to sleep.

Not total darkness, for many
children fear the dark, and in
winter they should be given some
little reassuring light, by leaving
the door ajar.

Not total silence, which is also
rather frightening sometimes. But
try to avoid loud conversation,
blaring radio or needless clatter-
ing, hammering or sawing while
he is dropping off.

“The peaceful, gentle sounds of
washing up or murmured conver-
sation, on the other hand, are re-
assuring, a natural background to
dropping off to sleep.

Of course, there is a much ©

greater problem where a number
of children of all ages share a
room, or for families living with
a baby in one room.

But even in one room it will
make a difference to put a screen

' round baby’s bed, shade him from

the light, and talk quietly while
he falls asleep. :

Once he is asleep probably even
quite loud noises will not disturb
him, though this varies from child
to child.

It is with the youngest that the
habit of going to bed regularly
and getting off to sleeep quickly
is most important to establish.

If bedtime is made a regular
and agreeable event in the child’s
day, and “sending to bed” is
avoided as a punishment, most
children will go willingly when
they begin-to be sleepy.

Hungary has school —
for musical prodigies

‘EVEN hundred parents of
‘* would-be musical prodigies
brought their children to Hun-
gary’s new-type musical school at
the Castle of Bekestarhos when
it advertised 70 vacancies.

Bekestarhos has a resident stu-
dent population of 300, divided
into three categories. There is the
primary school for the five-year-
olds upwards, the secondard
school, and for those who are
going on to teach, a two or three-
year course leading up to a teach-
ing diploma at 18. ; i

Only children talented in musie
are admitted to the primary
school. Would-be entrants are
kept under observation by the
staff for two or three days to de-

-termine whether they have the

necessary talent. Parents get
free travel vouchers to bring ap-
plicants to the school. .

The school was the idea of a
musie teacher named Gyorgy
Gulyas, who suggested it to the
ministry of culture in 1939. He
proposed a provincial school at
which talented children could
learn music while learning to
read and write. The idea was
rejected. :

After liberation of the country
in 1945 he tried again—and this
time the government told him to
go ahead and find a suitable place.

He chose the war-ruined castle
near Bekestarhos, standing in 150
acres of parkland. The state re-
stored the castle, built a music
pavilion costing some $300,000,
and allocated $180,000 a year for
maintenance.

mo % es
In the primary school the five-

to-seven year olds learn singing
without music. The method was
evolved by Zoltan Kodaly, Hun-
gary’s greatest living composer,
who takes a great interest in the
school. In this way they learn
the basic elements of music with-

out instruments, using the mat ~

erial of folk songs and folk music.

In the third year they go on to
instruments — piano, violin and
cello.

of secondary school.

Whatever instrument is select-
ed—and it must be one which
demands no more than four years
work—the study of pianoforte is
obligatory.

Music literature and music his
tory come in the secondary course.

The secondary classes are made
up from graduates from the prim-

ary classes and also from older

talented children from elsewhere.

Tuition, food and lodging and
musical instruments are all pro-
vided without charge. There is
a staff of 36 teachers of music
and general knowledge.

In the fine weather much of
the teaching is done in the open
air in the beautiful park. Choral
singing may be heard among the
lilacs, an orchestra of wind in-
struments under the sycamores,
a string quartet under the pines,
a solo cello under’ the cherry
trees.

Those who are not contented
with their teacher’s diploma at
the age of 18 go on to the Buda-

pest Academy of Music for train-_

ing as artists.

OPEN FORUM |

Prosperous for whom ?

1. F. MORTENSON, Nanaimo,
B.C.: It wasn’t such a Merry
Christmas for local farmers who
had to compete against U.S. tur-
keys and geese dumped on our
local markets. Also spuds and
other farm products.

And I am of the opinion that
the thousands of unemployed in
B.C. were perhaps a little less
full of the Yuletide spirit when
they saw the generous Christmas
present our government is giving
to the U.S. monopolists in the
form of our natural gas and water
power.

We are doubtful of a prosper-
ous New Year when deals are
made that in effect export our
jobs and place us in economic
bondage to a foreign power —
the United States.

IWA history recalled

J.W.S., Victoria, B.C.:
youngest members of the IWA

must never have learned and the -

older ones must have forgotten
how their union was brought in-
to being in the north of the Is-
land around Courtenay and Camp-
bell River. |

The men working around there
had made some abortive attempts
to form a union but the bosses
nipped all these attempts in the
bud.

The Communists were contact-
ed and two men were sent up
from Vancouver to try their hands
at the job. :

They had quite a bad time;
when discovered on company pro-
perty they were kicked and beat-
en and chased down the track.
One was followed all the way to
Campbell River and had to walk
to Courtenay in a driving rain.

The

- Some comrades there made him
welcome, dried his clothes, fed

him with such meagre fare as
they had, and put him up for
the night.

The Communist organizers kept
at it ,however, and under cover
of darkness got into the huts and
contacted the men, and before

the bosses knew it a full-fledged .

union was in being.

The Comox Logging Company
men, who had been barred from
forming a union for a long time,
fell in line with the other camps.

' This is not hearsay, as I was
around Courtenay at that time
and had first-hand information.

By the top brass of the union
at the present time, one would
think the Communists had no
hand in getting the union form-
ed. No thanks is given for their
work.

The union executive can’t be
very proud of themselves when
they hire some McCarthyites
from the other side of the border
to run their union business.

fe.
haan’
DEATH
Pryensning
cow

PACIFIC TRIBUNE — JANUARY 28, 1955 — PAGE 4

The teaching of wind in- -
struments begins in the first year