ii crete pn, i he Bp eet fight to en The Central African Feder- , Federation which includes North- | ation, ern Rhodesia, was formed in 1953. In addition to Northern Rho- desia it includes Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaiand. Southern Rhodesia is a self- governing British dominion.| Northern Rhodesia and Nyas- aland are British protector- ates. NORTHERN RHODESIA’S main product (apart from ag- riculture) is copper, and the economy of both Rhodesias de- pends a great deal upon it. It has a population of 2,300,- 000, including 2,200,000 Afri- cans, 8,000 Asians and 72,000 Europeans, and has an area of 288,130 square miles — slightly larger than the pro- vince of Alberta. SOUTHERN RHODESIA is the most highly developed ec- onomicaliy of the three terri- tories and has the largest pop- ulation of Europeans. ..It has a population of 2, 641,500, made up of 2,420,000 Africans, 14,500 Asians and 270,000 Europeans, and has an area of 150,333 miles—three-fifths the size of Saskatchewan. NYASALAND is the most backward economically of the federation. Its economy is based largely on “subsistance agriculture’. which results in a large degree of migrant la- bor to the two Rhodesias and South Africa. - It has a population of 2,- 709,300, of whom only 11,000 are Asians and 8,300 are Eur- Opeans, and has an area of 49.177 square miles — a little mere than twice the size of Nova Scotia. White majorities still dom- inated the 26-member federal government and the legislat- tures of each of the three reg- ions, although Nyasaland has een promised an African ma- jority. The main political force of the European settlers is organized in Sir Roy Wel- ensky’s United Federal Party. t is clear that the white minorities never intended to achieve anything even ap- proaching “partnership” with the Africans, which was the stated aim of federation. E:conomically, federation Ihas been of most advantage to the European population, particularly that of Southern Rhodesia. “A report prepared by fed- ération officials in 1959, en- titled Survey of Development Since 1953, deajt with the growth of the gross value of the domestic product between 9952 and 1958. When the Central African square | was formed, its constitution provided that its position must be reviewed not less than seven years nor more than nine years after federation. Preceding it was the report of the Monckton Commission, set up to review the workings of federation. This report recommended that the federation “cannot |be maintained in its present form’, and that “there should be an African majority in the Legislative Council.” The European settlers, with federal premier Sir-Roy Wel- ensky as their most outspoken proponent, based their partic- ipation on defeating any and all such proposals, and even tried to prevent African rep- resentatives from taking part in the conference. African leaders based their participation on doing away completely with federation and white domination in any disguise. The people of the three ter- itories are not against close political and economic associ- ation. But they demand the ending of federation as they have known it, the end. of “phoney” partnership. and the end of white supremacy in any form. They demanded a new constitution for each of the three territories which ensur- es majority rule on the basis of one man, one vote. The African delegates rep- resented one million members organized in the parties of three territories. Their princi- pal leaders are Dr. Hastings Banda (Malawi Congress of Nyasaland), Joshua Nkomo (National Democratic Party of Southern Rhodesia) and Kenneth Kaunda (United Na- tional Independence Party of Northern Rhodesia). The conference on federa- tion was suspended and on Jan. 30 of this year talks were opened on a future con- stitution for North RhodeSia alone. These were boycotted by delegates from Welensky’s United Federal Party in Nor- thern Rhodesia as well as delegates from the die-hard white supremecist Dominion Party. _ These talks ended several days ago with no agreement on a new constitution, after which British Colonial Secre- tary Ian Macleod made: his proposal to the British parlia- ment that Northern Rhodes- ia’s legislative council be recognized to consist of 15 Europeans, 15. Africans and 15 others elected ‘by a com- bination of the upper~ (white - Facts behind Rhodesian d white rule and lower (African) voters’ rolls. But the basis of the fran- chise is rigged in such a way as to favor the elections of at least a majority of Europeans among the 15 others. Macleod’s proposal comes nowhere near meeting the de- mands of the. Africans for majority rule nor does it meet the recommendations of the Monckton Comission on this point. This, despite the fact that Macleod and British Prime Minister Macmillan had previously indicated their | support for the proposals of the Monckton Commission. The proposals of Maclead can only be giving in ‘to the pressures of Welensky. interpreted as | ‘ (THIS LIFT IS FOR SERVICE LIFT iS PROVIDED FOR TRADESMEN EUROPEANS el NON-EUROPEANS, PRAMS & DOGS. NO HAWKERS ALLOWED. | A typical South African sign over an elevator entrance at Park Court, an apartment house on Twist Sty Johannesburg. Cuban People Solving Problems We Must Also Solye Says Morris “T have no doubt that the; Morris told a public meeting next few years will bring revo-| in the, Pender Auditorium lutions of a Similar type to} March 3rd. 3 that of Cuba, in other. Latin}- Leslie| ber of the Communist. Party American. countries,” The national executive mem- “PNE Shenanigans” Civic Reform Calls For Airing Of All Boards “The recent disclosure . of Shenanigans in the PNE board serves to underline what .the Civic Reform Association has said for years, stated CRA secretary Mona Morgan this week. “A thorough investigation into the working of all boards Labor Costs $50 In $1,546 Auto The dealer price of a com- pact car in the United States is $1,546. : Of this cost of labor amounts to $58; $994 goes for material; $79 for trans- portation: $35 for “over- head”: $24 for advertising: with smaller amounts to design, warranty, engineer- ings and amortization. These figures were re- cently supplied by “The American Machinist’ and shows the small cost of labor involved in modern - manufacturing. It also helps ‘disprove the false theory that price rises must auto- matically follow wage in- creases. and a new type of civic ad- ministration is a must before taxpayers can have any con- fidence that their tax money is being used for their inter- ests,”” she said. “The only time such matters are debated is when some sec- tional or partisan big business interest is in danger. “The whole question at this time is not whether Vancouver needs a downtown colliseum and/or a livestock building. These are questions that can’t be considered by themselves. Parking and_ transportation are closely related to them. “But with the continuous chorus by city council about cutback in expenses, particu- larly employees’ wages, it is Surprising council doesn’t in- sist on any returns from PNE operations. As usual council’s eyes only focus in the direc- tion of the taxpayers while big business interests get conces- sion after concession. “It is the firm opinion of the CRA that city council should make no grant to the PNE at. this time but should vigor- ously .carry forward its sur- vey of city boards and admin- istration generally. : sketched a confident picture of the Cuban revolution and the unity of the Cuban people be hind the progressive reforms ushered in by the two year old Castro government. “The danger of the Cuba people comes from without, there is no significant threat of internal counter revolutio® which cannot be effectively handled by the Cuban people,” Morris said. i He pointed out the meaning q of the Cuban revolution to thé Canadian people and all othef people of the Western Hem* sphere. Canada faces.a similat problem to that which the Cu” ban revolution solved for thé Cuban people. U.S. monopolies have more money invested 1? Canada than their entire i” vestments in Latin. America The demand for the national ization of key Canadian indu® tries under U.S. ownershiP will and must arise in Canad? and the actions of the Cubal- people give inspiration ane direction to this movement, b® added. a One of the most, strikiné things he encountered was th® enormous potential of the com mon people when given an OP | portunity for expression. Whe America withdrew its techD® cians from Cuba the peop: took over and learned wh they continued the operation ° the economy. It is a comm? sight to see nineteen 4? twenty-year-old lads managl!? big enterprises. j Morris predicted rise in the colonial movemell! and a further decline in the North American economies thi : year. March 10, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 7 a furthel 4