“PAGE Dé ~~ Can- ‘Can-Cel, Giant of the Northwest rm nn» THE HERALD, PROGRESS EDITION, 1574... -Y. “THE HERALD, PROGRESS EDITION, 1974. ay comes every spring and fall. WHAT AND WHERE _ WEARE: Canadian Cellulose is an integrated forest preducts company specializing in the production of bleached kraft sulphate pulp, . dissolving chemical pulp and lumber, Our. operations are geographically divided into two regions; The Northern Operations im the Prince Rupert Forest District of British Columbia; and. the Interior Operation in. the Columbia River Basin of South Central British Columbia. Operations in our northern division include two pulp mills at Watson Island near. Prince Rupert with a tolal capacity of . 1,900 tons a day. Gur wood resources supplying these mills are located.in the Skeena and Nass River Valley (the Skeena public sustained yield unit and- Tree Farm Licence No. 1) and our logging operations there are — among the largest in the province, handing. over a. million cunits a year. _ Lumber production in our northern division takes place at Terrace where we have a sawmill and a Chip-N-Saw installation. At Kitwanga we have another Chip-N-Saw mill. The three milis produce -162 million board feet a year, and residual chips for our Prince Rupert pulp mills, sup- plementing chips purchased from other sawmills in the area. CanCel’s Interior Operations ‘include a bleached kraft sulphate mill with a capacity of 58590 tons a day, and a sawmill producing 125 million board feet a.year. Both are located in Castlegar. Logging operations near Nakusp provide the raw materials for these two mills. Thirteen species of. trees. are harvested in - Tree Farm Licence No. *23, including hemlock, cedar, fir, larch, spruce, balsam, and pine. Castlegar. Qur markets embrace many of the major countries of the world, including Japan, _ the. European Common Markel ‘countries, and the United States. Less than ten per cent, of our tetal pulp and lumber sales is marketed in Canada. Our bleached kraft. pulp from” the northern mill is shipped to Japan and Europe. Most of our sulphite dissolving pulp goes to the United States, as does much of the bleached kraft pulp. production from Castlegar. ‘Almost all of our lumber production moves to North American markets by rail, and, we are-now developing the -establishment af - offshore ‘markets for our expanding lumber praduction. _ LOGGING AND FORESTRY: Everything begins with the. logging foresL and the | s and Letters... a | a} a | a a a a i | a a a a a a _] 1 | a _% a a | g 5 a | a We Get | Card . \- Service (WIGHTMAN ‘There Must He A Reason PERSONAL © INTEREST IN SEEING THAT YOU GET THE BEST POSSIBLE DEAL. IF YOU'RE BUYING OR SELLING GIVE US ACALL -WE’D BE GLAD TO HFLP YOU. 635-6361 hoa "SMITH: REALTY LTD.) oe These logs are bundled rafted and towed by baat to Harry Smith $35-2826 - | Evenings | 635-4031 635-3677 635-2401 Ken Brandly . operation, Engineers plan and build roads into areas tobe —* logged. Along - these ‘roads, which can cost.as much as $40,000 a mile, the logging crews and the yarding macbines move into harvest the trees. _ CanCel uses grapple yarders, as well as other heavy equip- ment, which work 16 hours a day on a two _ shift-basis, made possible by lumber from each log processed - - sodium vapour lights’ which : illuminate 1,500 feel of working designed to handle logs from. 5~..° - to 16 inches in diameter. Ina... area, . ’ Once the logs have been yarded (assembled ready. for transportation) they are moved _ ta the mill or the pulp, plant either by truck or by water.. At CanCel's. Northern Woods Operations both pulp and size come from the sapwood - . area of the log. On the average,” :. sawmill logs are loaded onto trucks together. They are transported to a reload yard where they are sorted by highly skilled teants. Scalers measure and grade the logs according to size and condition, and then they are reloaded for delivery either to the PrineeRupert pulp mills or the sawmills. <« _ While sophiscated loading equipment and giant trucks are essential in the transportation of the logs. to pulp mills and sawmills, walter transportation is even more important. Both in CanCel’s Northern and Southern Interior Woods ‘Operations, rivers play an logs. | . THE NASSRIVER DRIVE ~ “STORE af the river, the logs are decke¢ on the bank and ¢arried, as the river level rises, to the . — middle of the stream. The Nass - is a shallow, fast lowing river. with many rocks and curves where logs can form a “jam’’, to IceBerg Bay. We use sleck, . Shailow - vessels, with water jet propulsion systems for the ‘speed and the power they offer, Plus tugs. - “Fin Booms” are employed, made bychaining logs together to form a straight line along the river bank in areas where logs could become unded on beaches and sandbars. Wooden fins, seven feet long and tapered al one end, are attached to the logs at an angle of 45 degrees oul into the river. As logs reach . these areas, they are deflected. by the fin booms and carry on downstream. If a fin breaks when hit, its replacement takes a few minutes’compared with the hours to.mend a boom. delivered to PrinceRuvert. FROM LOGS TOLUMBER: The reputation of Canadian Cellulese Company, Limited has, in the pasl, tended to be built on its production of top quality pulp ° products. However, the company is now recognized as a major producer of lumber products, with lumber production increasing year by year. © In recent years, Canadian Cellulose has expanded its “jumber operations in Terrace and’ the surrounding areas. Late in 1969, two Chip-N-Saw instailations were constructed . “inereased the chips available to ‘the Printe -.: Rupert pulp mills, One-half of . ‘the company’s Lotal northern’. lumber production comes from -’ the two smallwood mills. The two Chip-N-Saw _ installations company’s: .northern capacity to 162 millién fbm per year. . The Chip-N-Saw instalations’ provide.maximum recovery ot with minimum waste, They are single pass, the. machine. produces boards of the desired thickness and can be reset .to produce a according to the customer's. specifications. Chips of uniform the unit will convert. 6i per cent to lumber and 33 per cent to: pulp chips. In order to more -fully.utilize CanCel’s forest resources, and - to ulilize the wood for its - highesL economic yalue, tne company again expanded its facilities at Pohle Lumber. and Kitwanga during 1971 and 1972. ” ‘The new planer mill al Pohle: Lumber has increased finished- production at Pohle to over 100. million board feet per year. °° The combination of-lomber - and pulp production is . ideal inevery way. Logs which can produce merchantable lumber ' are graded and diverted to the sawmill, and much of the wood waste from ‘this: operation. is < canverted into chips for the pulp. ~ _. Taking process. The residue af - . : _ , -_ the sawdust and bark is used for The drive begins in the. . Spring. To take full advantage fuel: to generate power ‘for sawmilling and pulp produc- tion. Little or nothing is-wasted days. oy PERPETUATING | THE FOREST: obtain sustained yields. For. every tree harvested another. _ must be grown in its place... CanTel spends much time, energy and money perpetuating eee the forest. In about 75 per cent of the © areas cul, natural regeneration . takes place. For natural restocking, it is imperative to” have the praper seed bed conditions. If these conditions are not present, such as in the: - areas where we have’ burned slash, we must replant. Thisis _° : also the case in dense areas of." .. |< brush growth, which are. often‘. the best forest lands. . All the areas that we cul are * checked after two or three” years. As soon as they have reseeded naturally. we mark them as immature forest.. - .Those areas that don’t regenerate we mark as nsr (non satisfactorily restocked) and -.*::. we begin ta restock, Our aim is ta plant between .. 450-500 traes per acre. The life | of these trees begins: at the . -nursery. We collect seeds, some of which we plant, im- mediately; while other we put in cold storage‘at the B.C, Forest _Two years late, we receive © these seedlings back from the Forest, Service ready ta. he. either planted in the field .or replanted in the nursery for another year, This was we get a stronger and heavier form of variety. of sizes ~~ <”,. | PULP OPERATIONS; . .* CanCel mills at Prince Rupert * "ean produce.more than 1,300 tons “of! wood pulp per day. Much:of this leaves Canada fram bur own deepsea dock and ro The crew of nursery men work: rapidly, sowing seedlings, “-garting and packing. They work --transplanting trees which we 2 were nol strongenough after twa coo: year's. growth, +” survival rate for the seedlings, “nonce. they have been replanted, is abolt 80pér cent,. These are. “i mesily’. Sitka Spruce - and ~- Lodgepole Pine. The three year olds have “a:survival.rate of .. nearly 100 per cent. ~~ - - ~. No matter how much care and - troubleis taken in the nurseries, ithe trees’ survival depends on _ the ski af our men in the field. SCT the’ trees are not replanted | properly; they will not survive. ~.QUR NORTHERN is sold in Japan, South America, “the United States and Europe. | “From wood chips, we make ‘two kinds of pulp. . There is not- _ much’ difference ta the naked “y eye,- but each form of pulp is -\ used for completely different end products. rent." rhanufac- The normal - ” ” fibres. _ pamphlets. job of dissolving the plaslic-liké lignin and other natural wood “chemicals which nature uses lo bind. cellulose and __ fibres -together. .The overall _ ‘treat- ment (cooking and bleaching) determines the pulp’s final characteristics. textiles and plastics, must be exceptionally pure. On the other ‘hand, papermakers lock, for kraft pulp of high strength and - whiteness -- achieved through a combinalion of originial’ wood Properties and the bleaching process. - , ‘ _ In -the. sulphite process, sulphur dioxide, ammonia and walter are combined to make an acid which dissolves the wood lignin and frees the cellulose Further purification with caustic and bleaching agents cellulose. * The kraft mill at Prince Rupert uses an alkali-base. chemical instead of acid, in this- ease of solution of sodium _ hydroxide and sodium sulphide (called white liquor). © The action of white liquor dissolves the lignin but leaves the natural : : strength of the cellulose fibres “Prince Rupert sulphite (alse ~ -s.know as. dissolving” and .“goetate’ pulp) is a_hasic_ ingredient in some types’ of: ;-textiies, films and plastics . (although it may be also usedin | certain papers.) ‘Sulphate, or “ kraft’ pulp, is used-to. make, “paper.such as “The two pulps. are manulac- ° unchanged, By this time, the billions of-bires are drained on water. on the Foudrinier ‘Machine, and then passed ‘through driers and pressed to ‘form pulp... The ‘black liquor : chemicals are reclaimed in our recovery furnace. We can also use tree bark to generate steam heat and electricity.“ - -Sulphite pulp is used in the manufacture of various fabrics 8h, F wns RE a ree aoe : We at Overwaitea have always been very optomistic aboyt the growth of Terrace : at Pohle and Kitwanga. ‘The seedling which survives in the “Serving Terrace & District @ alm was to increase the com- more difficult forest areas. | “For Over Halt A Century. pany’s _smallwaod utilization eee et capability andthe quantity of. Fe tbe EE and are proud to ‘have provided over 20 years.of sarvice to the growing community of Terrace. . ae eee