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In the first plebiscite of its kind to be held in a United
Nations trust territory, the people of British Togoland,
to the east of the new West African state of Ghana, voted on

iuilependence this week.
ballot to a group of elders.

Here a UN observer explains the

China -defines stand
on people's rights

By ALAN WINNINGTON

PEKING

In a press conference of a sort never held before, the
Chinese Communist party last week explained its attitude to
free controversy, democracy and the right to strike.

Answering questions by foreign correspondents for three
hours, Chou Yang, deputy director of the Communist party’s

Central propaganda committee,
Said that only democratic
Methods could be tised to solve
Problems arising among the
People.

_ Controversy was the objec-
tive way to deal with ideolog-
tal problems, he said.

If workers, peasants or stud-
€nts struck or demonstrated—
Which has happened “infre-
quently” in New China — this
Usually resulted from: bureau-
racy and was “an unfortun-
ate” way of dealing with it.

But the right to strike and
Tiot is the people’s right as
Much as the right to freedom
Of speech or press, he declared.

It waseall too easy to use
Methods they formerly used
8ainst the enemy, against the
People themselves.

The system of leading Com-
Mmunist party members taking
Part in actual work alongside
the workers and peasants
‘Would ensure close ties and
Understanding between the
- party and the hag
ple

Chou Yang said that the
‘Question of conflicting inter-

 &sts among the people was a

hew question deriving from
€ Socialist transformation of
‘“apitalists, handicraftsmen and

. Peasants and the fact that only

€ remnants of counter-revo-

oMtionaries remained.

__ The campaign to change the
-~Ommunist party’s style of
Work to one better adapted. to
‘the current situation was call-
€d “brain washing” by scme
People, but if the brain did
hot adapt itself to changes then
_ “rors must occur and so it was

Necessary that Communist
“Party leaders “wash their

rains” and doing manual
Work would help them.

_, Bureaucracy was the worst
‘aun, Chou Yang said: Al-

-neoinq ystunuur0g = ysnoy}
crats were known as _ hard-
working bureaucrats they still
failed in their concern for the
people’s wellbeing, relied on
issuing orders and failed to
discover and solve vital prob-
lems.

The spate of criticisms in the
Chinese press now, he said,
were a sign of confidence.
They would uncover the main
problems to be analyzed and
solved.

Fast Germany won't store, produce
atomic weapons, says Grotewohl

No atomic weapons are being produced

By PHYLLIS ROSNER

BERLIN

or stored in the German Democratic Republic

and nothing will alter this in the future, East German Premier Otto Grotewohl declares.
leading scientis‘s—among them Nobel prize winner Professor

And 14 of East Germany’s
Gustav-Hertz — in warning against the atomic danger have
to work on the development or testing of nuclear

the GDR has ever been asked

Grotewohl gave his assur-
ance during discussions with
eight of the 14 on the danger
of atomic armament and prob-

lems of the peaceful use of -

nuclear power.

Drawing attention to the
dangers inherent in the atomic
equipping of Western Germ-
any, Grotewohl repeated his
proposal that East and West
Germany should agree on:

1 Ending all

preparations
soil.

atomic war
on German

2 Banning atom bombs and
jointly or separately ban-
ning atomic weapons from
German soil.

3 Mutual renunciation of the

production , of atomic
weapons.
Declaration published by

all 14 GDR scientists supports
the atomic danger warning is-

sued last month by 18 West
German scientists.
Misuse’ of atomic energy

threatens to make all further
scientifie development impos-
sible by the annihilation of
mankind, they say.

Meanwhile, in West Germ-
any Dr, Adenauer is uneasy
about a fission in his own
cabinet on this issue in view
of the statement by Atomic
Minister Balke, who declared
he would have “no part in the
military use of atomic energy
in West Germany.”

Rumor persists that only un-
der strong pressure has Balke

consented for the time beingcase
not to resign in protest against September he
Heturn to private life — as a
in anychemist.

Adenauer’s atomic policy.
has announced that

underlined that

“no scientist in
Weapons.”

elections next
intends to re-

after the

SACRAMENTO

Labor spying through the
use of a “fantastic” array of
devices is condemned in a re-
port issued by California’s
state senate judiciary commit-
tee after a two-year survey.

“Sonic snooping is being
practiced on people in all
walks of life,” says the report.
“The devices are being used
to monitor customers, exploit
the private lives of public fig-
ures, and in plants and offices
to help the boss keep tab on
his employees’ thinking.

Police use of bugging has
been curtailed by a U.S. State
Supreme Court ruling, but pri-
vate use of sound surveillance,
the report finds, is constantly
growing.

“The equipment includes
wireless broadcasting micro-
phones, wrist-watch mikes,

pocket recorders, detectographs

“that can hear through walls,

automatic stoppers and start-
erg dependent only on the hu-
man voice, and bugs, that_can
be hidden in telephones and

WHY IS U.S. STATIONING MISSILES ON FORMOSA?

‘Sonic snooping in
California scored

hear whisperings in a. room
even when the phones are on
the hook.”

Committee chairman Regan
also describes a “shotgun
mike” that cam pick up sounds
through open windows.

Regan wants a law restricting
electronic eavesdropping by
both public agencies and pri-
vate: persons.

His program would forbid
installation or use of such de-
vices without permission or
without warning, annual re-
ports of wire tapping by pri-
vate detectives and a guaran-
tee by the California Public
Utilities Commission that tel-
ephone companies will protect
the privacy of their subscrib-
ers.

“The ingenuity of the law
to keep intact concepts like
the right of privacy and consti-
tutional. barriers concerning
unreasonable searches, is un-
der considerable challenge by
the onrush of scientific devel-
opments in sonic snooping”
the report says.

Bid to head off unity talks with China

PEKING
The US. plan to station
atomic guided missiles on For-
mosa is ‘fan attempt to sup-
press anti-U.S. sentiment
among the Formosan people
by a display of force,” says ‘the
Chinese People’s Daily.

is also an attempt “to
bees up those elements in the
Chiank Kai-shek clique oppos-
ed to conducting talks with
the Chinese people.”
There have for some months
been reports from Formosa of
growing division among

Chiang’s followers, with many
pressing for talks with China
and already conducting talks
with the mainland.
This has greatly
the U.S. government,
Vice-Admiral Stuart Inger-
soll, U.S., commander in For-

alarmed

UN gets appeal as Athens court martial
sentences three Greek civilians to death

Three Greek civilians have
been sentenced to death by a
court martial in Athens.

Their crime: membership of
the banned Greek Communist
party. But the charge they
were tried on was “espionage”
—though police witnesses re-
peatedly told defense counsel
that they could give no in-
stance of espionage activities.

Execution ‘of the three men
“an take place within three
days of sentencing. The League
of Democracy in Greece on

Wednesday last week sent a
cable to the United Nations
in New York asking for-urg-
ent action to stop the execu-
tions.

“The Greek nation wants
pacification, not bloodshed.
Appeal you act urgently,” the
message said.

The three men condemned
to death are George Moraitis,
aged 30, George Spanos, aged
46> and Spyridon Kotsaki, who
were arrested in. December
1955 when the Greek govern-
ment was trying to create a

scare to influence public opin-
ion against left wing parties
in the general election which
came two months later.

The court-martial also sen-
tenced another Greek to life
imprisonment and a fifth to
10 years’ imprisonment. Four
others were acquitted.

The accused were told only
48 hours before the court’ met
that they would be tried by
court-martial. One defense
counsel met his client only a
matter of minutes before the
start of the trial.

mosa, said that advance ele-
ments of the
Rocket Unit had already ar-
rived on the island, with Mata-
dor guided missiles capable of
carrying atomic warheads.

At the same time, in Japan,
there was an unroar in the
Diet when Premier Kishi de-
clared that it was not “un-con-
stitutional for Japan to pos-
sess nuclear weapons for the
self-defense of th® country.”

Socialist members banged
their desks and called on the
government to resign.

Kishi later denied. sugges-
tions that he was ready to
permit the stationing of U.S.
atomic task forces in Japan.

But his statement showed
a fundamental change in gov-
ernment policy: in the past
the government has stressed
that nuclear weapons were for
offensive use and were there-
fore unconstitutional.

MAY 17, 1957 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3

LES

U.S. Air Force -