PAGE 4, THE HERALO, Tuesday, Octaber 25, 1977 _—(the herald) Published by Sterling Pubilshers General Office - 635-6357 Circulation (Terrace) . 635-6357 (Kitimat) - 632-6207 PUBLISHER... W.R. (BILL) LOISELLE MANAGING EDITOR... STU DUCKLOW Published every weekday af 3217 Katum St. Terrace B.C, A member of Varified Circulation. Authorized #s second class mall. Registration number 1201. Postage pal. i cash, return postage guaranteed. NOTE OF COPYRIGHT aA The Herald retains full, complete and sole copyright In any advertisement produced and-or any: editorial or photographic content published in the Herald. Reproduction Is not permitted without the written permission of the sher. \. , ed Rehabilitation, not revenge Putting criminal offenders to work for the com- munity instead of maintaining them in prison is a progressive move, and Justice Ron Basford’s an- nouncement that coming ammendments to the criminal code will provide for such sentences is welcome, Despite Provincial Court Judge Les Bewley’s recent statement that parole should be abolished and ~ convicts should be made to serve their full sentences, the national parole board is just about the only body dealing with criminal offenders that does any good. Recent experiments across Canada in “Diversion. tactics”, sentencing a convict to do community work instead of serving time, have been effective, ‘says Basford, and after a look at the programs ad- ministered by the Terrace Community Corrections Centre, we tend to agree. Judge Bewley seems a bit miffed that parliament and the parole board have been making inroads into the normal functions of judges, which he defines as protecting society and punishing offenders. Canada has one of the highest rates of recividism in the world, and sentences passed in Canadian courts are among the longest for various types of crimes. We are apparently vengeful nation. And Judge Bewley seems to see himself as an instrument of that vengeance, Obviously, however, the system doesn’t work now. Incidents of hostage-taking,riots and shootings inside prisons have become almost commonplace. Van- dalism on the streets has inereased to almost epidemic proportions. =... ig Eom fy Clearly, sentencing offenders, those-whorcommit- less-serious crimes like wilful damage and theft under $200, won’t benefit from prison stays. Nor- miaily, these offenders are sentenced to a period on probation and ordered to pay a fine, sometimes to pay resitution. That practise, a step in the right direction, at least, would benefit from provinsions in the criminal code providing for community work orders and strengthening the court’s power to order restitution. Society’s desire to exact revenge from those con- victed of criminal offences in not only primitive and inhuman, it’s expensive, And, what we don’t need in econimically troubled times are expenisve cages for able-bodied men and women who could easily be put to constructive work, benefitting both themselves and society. Though econimc considerations shouldd’'t the a factor undoubtedly they'll be used as arguements _when the ammending legislation is introduced. But the main point to consider is the inhumanity of turning violators of our laws into social outcasts by fencing them off. The fact that such a bill is even being considered in Canada is a measure of the distance we’ve covered in being able to supress our primitive desire for revenge and act instead in a civilized manner, making attempts to rehabilitate criminals which is a step closer to treating the problem at its root. The present government’s obvious desire to rehabilitate criminals rather than take revenge against them is idealistic and commendable. Yre KERMAN | i lo Sel “if you're right about women changing after they get married, I'm in luck! My fiancee can't cook and she argues every five minutes.” \ Want to get away from it all? , Join the Canadian Explorations Group © PETERBOROUGH, Ont. (CP) The Canadian Exploration Group may fill the need for _ those Canadians who feel a modern urban lifestyle is threatening any opportunity for wilderness. adventures. The Peterborough-based group, formed in 1974 and with a present membership of 75, offers the opportunity to participate in scientific research in remote areas. Group director Al Gen- tleman said: “There are so many people interested in this type of work, but few can afford the time and money to arrange their own expeditions. By doing everything collectively an as economically s possible, we can offer’ people op- portunities.”’ ; Expedition groups, which this year visited the Selkirk’ Mountains in northern British Columbia and the Pukaskwa River on_ the north shore of Lake Supe- rior, usually include about 16 members. Of these, one is a research director, a rofessional in the scientific ield to be studied, two or three are group leaders and the rest are laymen. LAYMEN DO LEGWORK Laymen help in the research by doing the Jegwork—-the collection of plant specimens for a otanist, caring for equipment and maintaining expedition records. Gentleman said sites to be visited are chosen for a variety of reasons and as the club brochure states: “Poday the emphasis is joration in intensive shifting from the Gtearea tot study in the field of special areas and of particular problems in research.” Research in the Selkirk Mountains was a con- tinuation of work done by. the group in the area for the last two years, It included topographic mapping, plant collections and vegetation mapping, a faunal record, a weather record and -behavioral studies of the local mountain goat population. The Pukaskwa expedition, which was planned because the area is soon to become a national park, was not so successful, The study was to include a preparation of of van i Phish location of vqrious historic . sites, including abandoned log- ing camps, and a hunt for dian rock pictures along penning mn F at . We don’t normally desce gu page material, however, we're using remind motorists to avoid driving too close to the curbs, now swollen with rain blocked by leaves. ot r for this phote to Dousing pedestrians with spray from a car's wheel's is against the law and dangerous. Water on the road the coast of Lake Superior. Water levels in early May were as low as they nor- mally are in midsummer and the group spent most of the time “pushing and pulling canoes over the rocks,” Gentleman said. The survey of historic sites was not completed and the Indian rock paintings were not found. Gentleman's wife, Deborah, also a member, said the difference between the group and many others is its concentration on sejentific research rather than wilderness survival training. Planning for next year’s expeditions, to the Nor- thwest Territories and the coast of B.C., already is under way. can grab the wheel, pulling a car into the curb. re aah ee . . WINDSOR, Ont. (CP) —" Some consumers are not only confused by metric conversion, they are also afraid of it, says Una Abrahamson, director of consumer affairs for Dominion Stores Ltd. “Food ‘labels give the content weight in decimals of milligrams where it was in ounces,"she said in a interview. | “Since mas' people buy e eye, they vill buy the size of container they have always bought.”’ Ms. Abrahamson who was food and consumer editor for Chatelaine Magazine and has written several books on the subject, said Not only confusing _ Metric system scares shoppers that “the same will apply for fresh fruits and vegetables, and, in some in- stances for meat.” ‘She said that the ex- ception would be roasts and poultry, which most people uy by weight, so they will have to become accustomed Hen metric weights on the el, LITTLE CAN BE DONE *“‘Some consumers are westioning food labels but ere is little manufacturers can do,” — said . Abrahamson. ‘What con- sumers fail to realize is that most of the things on food la- bels, cans and jars are required by law, and by the timie the industry lists” everything it is supposed to, there is little or no reom for anything else or any ex- planation.” She said that consumers always have been and always will be concerned about prices. “But prices are not decided locally. Prices are affected: by national and international markets. “Certainly higher costa for material, labor, packaging and tran- sportation will cause: price increases but there are also more complicated factors behind prices.” “Ms. Abrahamson, said food prices are affected by weather and “there is just nothing anybody can do about the weather. “Tt is the old game of supply and demand. If a hard winter or a bad storm ruins a crop, consumers will face price increases.” She said that greenhouse produce, for example, is expensive because of the ever-increasing cost of fuel. we fact if ene costs ftey Navee we could have fewer greenhouse products because farmers just won't be able to afford to grow greenhouse tomatoes or cucumbers or other produce.” The Koster archeological digs: VOICE OF READERS| Flowers of Hope says thanks On behalf on The Terrace Association for the Mentally Retarded I would like to thank the citizens of Terrace for their generousity in our ‘Flowers of Hope’ cam- paign. All of the $2636.20 collected in our Terrace campaign stays within our community and is used in helping the mentally retarded. This year a major portion of the money was used to fix up the Alice Olson Home. I would especially like to thank Mrs. — Marion Robertson, Mrs. Betty Nordstorm, Mrs. Flora Stokes, Mrs. Helen Jef- ferson and the members of the a.c.w. for the excellent job they did throughout the campaign. Again thank You. Yovr sincerely, Mes, Lenora Outerbridge, Vice President Terrace Association for the Mentally Retarded. Preserving the image of NDU Many things have been said recently, in public and by public figures, about Notre Dame University of Nelson which require comment. On behalf of this now difunct academic institution I should like to offer a few words to help preserve some kind of balance in our historical perspective. As one who found himself among the original pioneers of the place and who-has made, and lost, a huge personal investment in it over a period of many years, I am perhaps more keenly aware than most today of the fact that the Notre Dame College initiative in 1950 receded all comparable nitiatives in this Province's Interior. NDC was launched at a time when neither govern- ment nor this Province’s then sole univeristy, ubc, had seriously entertained the provision of post- secondary services to the population tutside the southwestern corner of the Province. The NDC initiative was based on a genuine desire to meet this need, to:train young people of the Interior in the ‘Interior “and*to help” develop incentives for them to stay and work there. This initiative was based on a genuine desire to meet this need, to train the young people of the Interior in the Interior and to help develop incentivesfor them to stay and work there. ‘This initiative, therefore, represented ‘‘regiona development” of an infra- structural nature, long before such phraseolgy became commonplace. To be sure, at times the initial sponsoring body, i.e. the R.C. Churhe in the diocese of Nelson, praved to be more of a hindrance than Indian civilizations piled like layers on cake the --least --as:.. shoddy. _ Superficial as some ‘of the KOSTER, Ill. (Reuter) — Long before the advent of Christianity, ancestors of the American Indian had found a Garden of Eden in the middle of North America. — The site was ideal: a fertile river valley, lush vegetation and plentiful game, a cool fresh- water spring and tall, protective bluffs to the north and west. For some 8,000 years, the valley was home to at leasta dozen prehistoric Indian civilizations, each built atop its predecessor. Today, each is clearly visible in the excavations, known simply as Koster. “T call it a fossilized layer cake, with each civilization neatly packaged,” says Dr. Stuart Struever, the scientist who first ignored, then uncovered one of the most important ar- cheological finds on the continent. In the late 1960s, all kinds of strange things were turning up in Theodore Koster's corn- field— pottery shards, stone implements, bone and antler tools. ASKED TO LOOK One of farmer Koster’s neighbors started badgering Struever, of Northwester University in Chicago, to take a look. The ar- cheologist finally visited the site, about 45 miles north of St. Louis in the lower Illinois River Valley, in 1968. The Koster cornfield never again grew corn. Soil probes found alternating Jayers of brown and black soil, and as Struever explains: “Black soil in ground like Koster means one thing — man.” Archaeologists have dug a huge, inverted pyramid behind Koster's home, uncovering 11 distinct strata of black soil, or “horizons,'’ each evidence of human habitation at different times in history. “Tt has a well separated series of individual villages superimposed on top of each other. Moreover, the preservation of bones and charred wood is excellent, extremely good," -At the eighth horizon, dating to 4500 or 5000 BC., there is evidence of houses built of logs and crude plaster, among the earliest permanent structures known in North America. At the 11th horizon the skeleton of a small, apparently domesticated dog was discovered. said Dr. James Brown, a Northwestern University anthropologist and director of Kos- ter research. ‘The 11th horizon has been dated at around 6500 BC, and there is evidence of two more strata, dating civilization at the site back to at least 7000 BC. SITUATION RARE The regularity of the horizon structure— some black layers are only inches apart, sepa- Then, as now, man had little understanding of the + environment, When resources were depleted the people would move on, leaving the area to regenerate. rated by brown earth—is rare in North America. “Belng at the foot of hills, as civilizations came and went, the area was continuously being buried by earth washing off the hills— prehistoric mud slides entrapping evidence of Garlier occupation,” said Dr. Borwn. The hunter-gatherer inhabitants of ancient Koster are presumed to be descendents of Paleo-Indian man, believed to have migrated to North America from Asia.some 20,0) years ago yi a land bridge spanning the Bering rait, - . The environment at Koster proved so invitin to prehistoric man that he apparently gave u his nomadic ways—at least for a time—to . settle. : LEISURE TIME POSSIBLE “When pecple start building homes and domesticting animals, we start to revise our thinking. Perhaps life wasn’t so hard in those days; maybe they had free time, leisure time,” said Brown. Struever agreed: “From the clues we've found at the site, man led a pretty good life in the river valley in archaic times,” But man had little appreciation then—as now—of the environment and its limitations, and when the trees were all chopped down, the vegetation eaten and the game depleted, civilizations moved on, leaving Koster to re- generate itself and be rediscovered by wan- ering tribes of hunter-gatherers. Experts say the time ga between civilisations at Koster vary anywhere from 50 to 500 years, REGENERATION FAST “The area apparenily regenerated quite fast, a quality that made f desirable inthe first place,” said Dr. Borwn, The first horizon at Koster— the last semi- permanent civilization there—is thought to be ssissippian culture, an advanced people with a clearly defined social structure, trade con- nections across a third of the country, a stan- ding army and some remarkable scientific achievements. But the Mississippians, whose ‘city centre” was at a site called Cahokia, about 60 miles south of here, also eventually moved on, suc- cumbing to modern urban ills such as over- population and environmental destruction. xcavations continue at Koster and several hearby sites as scientists attempt to recon- struct the cultural evolution of the American ndian. ahelp. The same can be said about the organized faculty association and indeed, about some of the administrators, not to be mention any student. Ob- viously, similar comments could be made about other universities elsewhere. However, it was, a com- plete lack of capital support and a doling ‘out of operational grants at a roportionaltely very much lower level than that ac- corded the other’ post- secondary instiutions which were developed sub- sequently, that proved to be the real Achilles heel. it was this lack of adequate financial Support for most of its life which forced all manner of compromise on NDU that no academic institution of its kind could afford to absorb while trying to remain viable as a credible en- deavour. Yet, in spite of this sever handicap, NDC and NDU ofter managed to perform extremely well in a number of work areas, even while some of the work in other areas may have heen at an work going on at- better endowed and publicly much . better supporte in- stitutions. In the academic world, as elsewhere, not all that glitters is gold by any Means, and our instiutions of higher learning are often more prone to confusing depth with detail and sub- stance with stlye or fashion than the proverbial man-in- the-street.. in short, the chartering of NDU as this Province’s second univeristy in 1963 may be said in retrospect, to have been just so much rope with which to hand itself, in the absence of correspon- ding and comparable support. This lack of support reflected, in part, the un- derlying reality of op- ition to ndu which from @ beginning could be found among this Province’s more established, not to say vested, educational in: terestes. Other adverse factors, beside location perhaps and possibly certain weaknesses of bias and prejudice which could be found in good measure on all sides. Now that virtually all the water has finally gone under the bridge, it remains for us to learn from this piece of history 1950-1977, We are now in another age, which requires new, ways of ac- comodating both of the past and the future. We may need a radical overhaul of the entire post-secondary system, in areas of content as well as in matters of structure and delivery. It would be so much more appropriate, given the nature of the exercise, if the necessary changes were to ‘come about voluntarily. John F. Postma Today in History 1340--Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet, was born—and died on the same day 60 years later. 1555—Charles V, Holy Roman emperor and king of Spain, resigned all titles and retired to a monastery. 1870—A postcard was first used In the United States. - 1881—Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist, was born.