People of Chile fight betrayal People’s front betrayed In 1939 these followers of the Chilean people’s front govern- ment rode jubiluntly through the streets after helping to quell an uprising led by a former president, Today the people’s front government has beer betrayel from within by President “Gonzales Videla, who ousted the Communists from his cabinet and sold his country to Wall Street—for a loan he hasr't received, By GLADYS CARTER * NEW YORK. proposal by four leading Republican senators that the U.S. sponsor creation of an inter- national body outside the United Nations to prevent the advance of communism serves as further confirmation that the UN has been virtually written off by bi- partisan foreign policy makers, “Republic Senator Arthur Vanden- berg opposed the proposal not be- cause it bypassed the UN but be- cause it might commit the U.S. to war without its consent. This develonment of U.S. for- eign policy was pointed up sharp- ly in the testimony of Henry A. Wallace before the House com- mittee on foreign affairs. Wallace outlined what he termed “a plan for true co-operation among the impoverished nations of the world, for American aid that will also promote prosperity here at home, for making the UN the chief architect of universal well- being.” “ Wallace nroanosed that the U.S. back a UN Reconstruction Fund modelled after UNRRA and _ad- ministered by UN with the aim of making war-devastated nations self-sustaining as quickly as pos- sible. The fund “to which the U.S. and other nations with appropri- Indians —JOHANNESBURG NEW phase in the resistance campaign to win full citiz- enship rights for South Africa’s _ large Indian population opened when 15 Natal passive resisters crossed the Natal- Transvaal border at Volkrust in defiance of the 1913 Immigration Act. When they reported tothe Johan- nesburg office of the immigration G@epartment that they had en- tered without permits, officials _ took down their names and Dur- ban addresses, and informed them that the department was - awaiting further instruction from _ the higher authorities in Cape ‘Town. _ The border ceremony was ate means would _ contribute” would give aid priority to vic- tims of axis aggression and no political conditions would be at- tached. Only condtions would be that funds be used exclusively for reconstruction and not di- verted for war preparations. A world food granary on which needy nations could draw would be established under UN aus- pices, encouraging all food-pro- ducing nations to produce to’ the limit with a guaranteed price floor. The Ruhr would be put under joint administration and control of the U.S., Britain, the Soviet Union and France, with its re- sources directed to Europe's re- construction. The UN and Big Four would guarantee that Ger- many could not again threaten world peace. The German people would be allowed to restore liv- ing standards and develop demo- cratically, but German mono- polies would be eliminated. F{XAMINING the Marshall plan against his proposals, Wallace pointed out that the U.S. State denartment has slash- ed the minimum requests of western Europe for industrial equirment and criticized “too ambitious” plans for industrial EL POPULAR, labor daily here, has thrown its. editorial weight behind Chilean Commun- ist Senator Pablo Neruda, who was ousted from his elected post and threatened with trial for tréason because he wrote articles critical of Chile’s administration for various Latin-American pa- pers. Neruda is Chile’s leading poet and one of the most respect- ed figures in Latin America, “Neruda accused the president ‘ of Chile with the same things of which the Spanish accuse Fran- co, the Brazilians accuse Dutra and the Portuguese accuse Oli- veira Salazar,” El Popular de- clares. “Neruda was the spokes- man of the persecuted Chilean workers ,.. Now Neruda is be- ing persecuted to keep him from exvressing the sentiments of an independent Chilean people who will not be slaves of imperial- ism.” Neruda’s own story, written from hiding, is being circulated throughout the Americas. It ex- plains the grounds for his oppo- sition to the government and the reasons he felt compelled to ~write as he did for foreign pub- lications. ; Chilean President Gonzales Vi- dela, Neruda points out; was elected in .1946 by a coalition expansion. The state department, Wallace said, offers one-third of the crude steel needed by west- ern Europe, less than half the steel mile equipment and farm machinery and none of the scrap, é dedicated to a platform known as “The Program of the 4th of September.” The program, to which Videla solemnly swore his support, called for turning over uncultivated land to peasant farmers; equal pay for men and women; repeal of laws limiting individual rights; nationalization of insurance, gas and electricity; foundation of a state bank; es- tablishment of domestically-own- ed steel, copper and manufactur- ing industries; guarantee of un- ion rights; public housing; and a foreign policy directed towards world peace. Shortly after the election, Ne- ruda charges, Videla abandoned the members of the coalition and replaced them in government posts with known profiteers and spokesmen for the big American firms which control much of Chile’s important industry. Main companies are Anaconda Copner, Chilean Electric Company, Gug- genheim Chilean Export Com- pany, Braden Conner, Bethlehem Steel and the Chilean Telephone Company. No part of the 4th of September program was en- acted, thus continuing “hunger, malnutrition and _ tuberculosis,” Neruda ‘charges. Videla made his most overt move in October, when 19,000 The “inherent weakness” of the Paris program devised by the 16 Marshall plan nations, the program which the .U.S. has since sharply whittled down, Wallace said, is that the coun- “tries concerned “constitute no Third party candidates Senator Glen H. Taylor of Idaho and Henry A Wallace face the future with smiles after Taylor joined the third party move- ment ix: the U.S. as Wallace’s prospective running mate. In a ' national broadcast Taylor assai'ed the Democratic Party for having departed from Roosevelt's principles, defy South African labor law simple but impressive. Dr. Dadoo,- president of the sete vaal Indian Congress, who lea the welcoming party from the Transvaal, shook hands with Dr. G. M. Naicker, president of the Natal Indian Congress, stating: “IT greet you. We are defying the provincial barrier in the faith that a just cause never fails to triumph.” At a tremendous meeting in Johannesburg, where the resist- ers were welcomed, Dr. Dadoo- explained: . “We decided on the attack on this Act to show the hollowness of the contention that Indians are Unidh nationals. An Indian dorn in Natal, on entering the Transvaal is placed on the iden- tical position of a national of a foreign Union. country entering the “He is a prohibited immigrant, and administratively receives from the authorities even worse treatment than a foreigner with a white skin entering the etiam from abroad.” After the meeting thousands followed the resisters to Fords- burg’s Red Square, where the first tent of the Transvaal ‘Re- sistance Camp was pitched. “This tent is the symbol in the Transvaal of our struggle for full democratie rights,’ said Dr. Dadoo. “It is now up to the govern- ment to arrest the resisters in terms of the 1913 Act If they are afraid to do so, then our stand will have been vindicated.” A letter explaining the action had previously been sent te Prime Minister Smuts and all members of parliament. The letler,sent on behalf of the Joint Passive Re-- ‘sistance Councils of the Natal and Transvaal Indian Congresses, stated that the Joint Passive Re- sistance Council approved of the time-worn contention of the Un- ion government that the Indian people of South Africa were na- tionals of the Union of South . Africa, “But, the letter continued, “it maintains on juridical, moral and human grounds that whereas the Indian people have borne lawful- ly the obligations of citizenship, they have been denied the most elementary and basic rights which are inherent in such citi- | ase a8 coal miners struck for higher pay. Calling the strike an “inter- national plot,’ Videla clamped down military law in the entire mine district, ordered censorship of the press to prevent publica- tion of stories sympathetic to the strike, jailed thousands of union leaders and rank-and-file workers, and finally started de- porting thousands of alleged Communists to barbed-wire en- closed concentration camps on the island of Santa Maria and in the ruined mining town of Pisagua. The mayors of six cities who supported the strike were included among those exiled. Unable to write in the censor- ed press of Chile, Neruda ex- plains, he felt compelled to ac- quaint the peoples of the Ameri- cas with Chilean persecution. “Far my part,” he says, “I want to say ... that none of these stains on the honor of my coun- try are ineradicable. I retain my firm, increasing and indestruc- tible love for my country and absolute belief in my people. This is not a call or petition for helv. It is simply a letter for millions of men who wish to know the drama of a country that was one of the proudest ‘champions of American free- dom.” Wallace scores Marshall plan economic entity and they have been artificially and haphazardly put together. They are natural competitors; they do not comple- ment each other. The only re- sult can be a violent trade ri- valry, a price and wage cutting © race.” Western European recov- ery, he stressed, is dependent on cooperation with the complemen- tary economies of eastern Bur- ope, ‘ While U.S. money has been go- ing to western Europe, Wallace said, the countries of eastern Europe which suffered the great- est war damage have far out- stripped western nations in re construction. teel production ‘in October, 1947, compared with the 1937 monthly average, show- ed the following: Belgium, mi- - nus 35 percent; France,. minus 14 percent; Italy, minus 12 per cent; Czechoslovakia, plus 10 percent; Poland, plus 19 per cent; Hungary, plus 1 percent. ATTACKING the Marshall plan as a “Germany first” pro- gram, Wallace charged that the U.S. in the second half of 1947 “shipped four times as much wheat to Bizonia as to Italy or France; where bread rations are far below” the Bizonia level. Old Nazi industrialists and bankers are again running German heavy industry and ‘hold key government posts, he added. The form of administration which the U.S. proposes for its Furovean Recovery Program, Wallace said, will give the U.S. “direct control over a large part of HEurope’s foreign trade.” He cited the Herter Committee's proposal that local currencies accumulated by the U.S. in re- turn for dollar grants be used to buy up Burovean industries for American firms. “HRP,” Wallace concluded, “is the economic side of the bank: rupt Truman doctrine,” and the aims of both remain the same: “a, guarantee by the U.S. and western European countries to back up with arms the interests of the Standard Oi) trust, the Morgan banks, the duPonts and — other American monopoly . groups.” PACIFIC -TEIBUNE—MARCH bid 1948—PAGE, 8.