x

Riots and demonstrations like those shown above Seed many Greek cities as popular anger ,
against British policies on Cyprus was vented against British, U.S. and Turkish institutions,

All Cyprus Fal hay
executed patriots

All Cyprus is mourning the two young men heel in Nicosia’s central prison at
dawn on May 10 — Michael Karaolis and Andreas Demetriou.

As news of the execution spread, workers struck, shops and offices closed, and
_ people mostly kept to their houses, while the bells tolled and tolled.

By noon every shop,
capital, and the streets were near-
ly empty. Limassol was on a
mourning strike — as were other
towns and villages.

In Greece the General Federa-
tion of Labor called Sir John
Harding the chief executioner of
Cyprus, and said he should “meet
the fate of the common criminal.”
It demanded - expulsion of the
‘British ambassador.

Opposition parties in the Greek
parliament called for the govern-

ment’s resignation for its hand-'

ling of the affair. . 4

“This step will irreparably af- |
fect Anglo-Greek relations,” de-
clared Sophocles Venezelos, lead-
er of the Liberal Democratic
Union, And George Papandreou,
Liberal opposition leader, said:
“This inhuman action will be an
eternal stigma for EES, civil-
ization.”

There was no official announce- |

ment in Cyprus till late in the

day, but news of the executions}

leaked out nonetheless. With all’
trunk calls forbidden it was the |
bells that spread the news. across |
the island.

In the greatest display of mili- |
tary force since the present wave
of repression began over a year)
ago, troops were stationed at key |
places and in rings around the!
major towns to hold the people
down.

Repeated appeals ‘agairist the’
executions from relatives and

organizations to the British colon- |

ial secretary, to the governor, to,
the Queen, from Cyprus, from
Greece and elsewhere, were all
ignored.

Michael Karaolis, 23, had been’
sentenced to death for allegedly |

killing a policeman last year,

though, as D. N. Pritt, QC, re-i L
cently submitted to the Privy

Council, much inadmissable. evi-
dence had been admitted at his
trial.

_ Andreas Demetriou, 22, had
_ killed no one. He had shot at a
British businessman two “days

_ after the declaration of the Emer-|
gency in: the island had madei-

this a’ capital offense.

Ih Athens; where on May 9, |

LONDON

business, workshop and factory had been shut in Nicosia, the

the day before the executions, ,
aa had attacked crowds try-

‘ing to march in protest against
the British embassy, troops guard-
ed all official British, U.S, and
Turkish buildings.

It was officially admitted that
the police had killed four people
and injured 228. Sixty-three
police were also injured.

| For the-first time Greek work- |

ers on a NATO base in Crete came
out in protest strike against the
executions. At least 1,500 work-
ers came out in the airfield just
outside Canea.

Special editions of Athens
newspapers carried the news of
the executions and Athens radio
announced that the “martyrs to
Cypriot freedom” had _ been
killed. i

Treaty Organisation, he said be~
fore an audience of 1,100 picked
guests, among them Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer and President
Theodor Heuss of West Germany.

His proposal came just over
two years after the Soviet
Union itself had declared its

readiness to join NATO—and
had been hastily rejected in
terms that emphasised the pro-
foundly anti-Soviet nature of
the organisation.

Moscow Radio commented that
Sir Winston had ‘“wellnigh ad-

anti-People’s Democracy © policy
adopted by the members of
NATO had virtually lost its foun-
dations.”

Sir Winston, who had just been
given Aachen’s Charlemagne
Prize, praised NATO but then said,
in the passage that has attracted
so much attention:

“The principle of the treaty is
simple and imaginative. We all
join hands together in our wish to
avoid the aggressor, whoever he
may be.

“A new question has been
raised by the recent Russian re-
pudiation of Stalin. If it is sincere,
we have a new Russia to deal with,
and I do not see myself why, if this
is so, the new Russia should not
join us in support of this solemn
agreement.”

_ Sir Winston continued: “We
must realise how deep and sincere

are Russia’s anxieties about the

mitted that the anti-Soviet and |

Churchill says
USSR should
be in NATO

The Soviet Union and the countries of East Europe
should be included in a “‘grand alliance’’ of Western powers
dedicated to world salvation, Sir Winston Churchill told an
Assemby of European leaders at Aacheri last week.

The Soviet Union should be in the North Atlantic

safety of her homeland from
foreign invasion.

‘In a true unity of Europe,
Russia must have her part.”

Later he said: “We should be ‘:
rash and blameworthy were we

to attempt to solve the problem
of European unity, in which Ger-
man reunification has a vital part.
by any violent stroke, and we
must avoid violence by every
means in our power.

“The only unity that might
come from violence might be the
unity of ashes and death.”

But he emphasised that there
should be no relaxation in the
present efforts of NATO — and
those efforts are still anti-Soviet.

On March 31, the Soviet Union
said in note to Britain, France
and America that she was the
only one of the wartime anti-
Hitler coalition that had not been
invited to join NATO.

The organisation could only-
lose its aggressive, anti-Soviet —
nature if all the wartime coali-
tion powers belonged to it, and
in accordance with its peaceful
policy the Soviet Union was
ready to examine the question
of its own participation in the
treaty.

i]

The Times and this offer must
be given “a reasonable refutation.”
The Manchester Guardian called
it “magnificently absurd.” The
London Observer described it as
“silly-clever.”

Indian Communists state attitude to Nehru gov’t

With pride in India’s stand for
world peace, the Indian Comunist
party has called for building na-
; tional unity for peace, for econo-
}ic- Independence and for exten-
|sion of ‘democracy.

It has declared support for
‘Prime Minister Jawaharlal
| Nehru’s Congress government in
‘every step it takes in those dir-
‘ections, but opposition to any
;concessions to imperialism or to
feudal landlords.

i

|dian Communist policy was
agreed upon at the party’s recent
‘fourth congress at Palghat.

The resolution declared that in
the struggle against war, against
| military pacts and for the ban-
‘ing of nuclear weapons “the Re-
|public of India, in recent years
has. played an increasingly im-
;portant role, a role that height-
‘ened India’s international pres-
tige and evoked in every patri-
otic Indian a sense of national
’ pride.”

“The government of India,” it
went on, “has moved’ more and
mere against the imperialist pow-
ers and openly championed the
cause of world peace, Asian solid-
varity and Indian freedom. .

“The Communist party, which
has been fighting for a consis- .
tent policy of peace, welcomes |

-ments and will continuously .

| This new development in In-

and supports these achieve-..

Strive to rouse and unite the ©

people to carry them forward.”

It draws attention to the dang-
ers still surrounding India—mili-
tary pacts, like those of Bagdad
and Pakistan, which is designed

‘|to create tensions between India

and Pakistan, and also the Kash-
mir question.

“The situation enhances the
importance of vigilance and of a
more active role than before in
the building of a movement of
working class, peasantry and
democratie masses in general and
their organizations.”

The task of building national
unity “is extremely complex,”
it says.

“Guided by the interests of the
country and the people, the Com-
munist party will extend whole-
hearted support to the govern-
ment in its policy of defense of
peace and in every measure that
the government may take to re-
duce the dependence of Indian
economy on imperialism.

“But it will oppose the seri-
ous concessions the govern-
ment makes to foreign capital
‘and will mobilise the masses
with a view to curtailing these
concessions. :
uk, will support every measure
that’'’ the . government ~ takes
against feudal landlords and the
land reform TEARTER it: has Bre:
posed.

“Tt ‘will eeties fas eae
and our people against sabotage

by landlord interests, and for con-
sistent implementation of these
proposals through. democratic

cooperation of the peasant masses
and their organisations.”

While it calls Congress “the
political party of the bourgeoisie
which has taken many landlords
into its fold,” it notes that
“among the members and masses
of the Congress sentiments of
peace and anti-imperialism, of
friendship with the Soviet Union
and China, of democracy and
socialism, have made significant
headway.” ;

It notes that the mass of the
Congress party members are
growing critical “of the diverg-
ence between the declared end of
socialism, and actual practice,”
and have “even joined hands with
the Communist party and masses

outside the Congress party in

common siruggles.”

Noting increasing: unity with
the’ Socialist and Praja Socialist
parties’ in ‘various campaigns the
resolution declares “our party
will make every endevour to con-
solidate and carry forward this

process, for coming together of |’

Left ,parties helps to unite the
advanced elements.”

With this campaign for unity
in thind the resolution envisages
in some Indian states where dem-
ocratic forces aré strong, an “al-

ae ‘government: capable of
May 18, 1956 —

Adopt unity for peace policy

carrying out a minimum pro-
gram” might be formed. ;

In other states, where such @
government is not possible, “our
party will strive for strengthen-
ing the democratic opposition in-
side the legislatures.”

The resolutiow puts forward an
eight-point program for.the strug-
gle for peace and national free- |
dom:

@ Against war and for dis-

armament and prohibition
of atomic weapons.

Against military pacts, es-
pecially Bagdad
SEATO, ©

_ For strengthening Asia‘
solidarity and for an Asian
and “Pacific collective se-
curity pact.

For restoring China’s in-
ternational rights, for co-
operation with the Soviet
_ Union and China on the
. , basis of the ‘Nehru-Chow
"five principles of peaceful
coexistence. ~
For full support to the
' struggles of colonial peo-
ples against imperialism.
@ For the liberation of Goa
_ For improved relations be-
. tween India and Pakistan
” “to strengthen the bonds of
brotherly relations between
them.” a
For a break with the Brit-
‘ish Commonwealth. a

PACIFIC TRIBUNE - PAGE 2