* Republic)

“West German leaders are
treating West, Berlin as if it
Were part of West Germany.”
@ reader points out, and then
asks: “Is this really so? Have
they any legal clai‘a on “it?”

An answer to this question
Was very ably summarized
Some time ago by the editors
of the"German. Democratic Re-
‘port, published in East Ber:
lin. Here are the facts as they
presented them:

The whole division of Ger-

many into two states is based
upon various agreements reach-
ed by the allies in 1944 and
1945 onthe various occupa-
tion zénes in Germany. West
Germany (the German Federal
corisists of ‘those
areas Which were allocated by
inter-allied agreement to Bri-
tain, France and the USA, and

_ East Germany ‘(the German
* Democratic Republic) of that

part allocated to the Soviet
Union,

These. various agreements
were “summarized in a Four
Power Declaration, signed by
the four commanders in occu-
pied Berlin on June 5, 1945,
which stated:

' “Germany .. . will for the

» purposes of occupation, be de-

vided into feur zones, one to be

allotted to each power... The

area of Greater Berlin will be
occupied by forces of each of
the Four Powers. An _ inter-
allied ‘governing authority will
be established to direct jointly
its administration.”

| A joint statement on the ma-
chinery of ‘control, issued on
the same date in. Berlin, stated:
'.“,.. supreme authority in
Germany will be exercised by
the British, United States, Sov-
jet and French commanders-in-
chief, each in his own zone of
Occupation . .. The administra-
tion of the Great Berlin area
will be directed by an inter-
allied ‘governing authority .. .
| - It should be noted that both
these statements. make a clear
distinction between the various
Zones, in .each of which the
relevant. commander had sup-
reme - authority, and Berlin,
for which only. administrative
@rrangements were made.

| No attempt was made by the
western allies in 1945 to claim
supreme authority in West Ber-
lin, and tacit recognition was
given to the fact that Berlin lay
in the centre of what was then
the Soviet zone: the Soviet au-
thorities administered the rail-
Ways and waterways through-
Out the whole of Berlin, East
and West.

' In 1948 this right of admin-
istration ‘passed to the GDR,
which continues to administer
these means of communication

4s West Berlin part _
of West Germany?

to this day throughout th
whole of Berlin,

There are no agreements of
any sort, dating from ‘1945 or
later, giving Berlin as a whole,

or West Berlin, the’ status of a

“fifth occupation zone.”

‘The aim of-these agreements.

in 1944 and 1945 was to make

Berlin a centre for the inter-

allied administration of the
whole of Germany, and later
as the seat for the “central
German administrative ‘depart-
ments” forseen by. the - Pots-

dam agreement, which should |

have developed into the gov-
ernment.of a unified German
state,

Owing to the western breach
of the spirit and the letter of
the Potsdam agreement, how-
ever, Germany was partitioned
in September, 1949, by the
formation of the West German
state, and the formation one
month later of the GDR.

This left West Berlin in the
anomalous position which it oe-
cupies today: an aréa using the

West German currency and ap-
plying most West German
laws, which is entirely sur-
rounded by the German Demo-
cratic Republic, and which lies
more than 100 miles away from
the nearest part of West Ger-
man territory.

It is extremely important to
note that the western powers
have never recognized. West
Berlin as apart of the Ger-
man. Federal -Republic, and
have specifically. objected to
its inclusion.

When the preparations for
the message to the West Ger-
man state were in full swing in
spring 1949, the western allies
sent a message to the West

German Parliamentary ~Coun-'

cil on April 22 stating:

“The foréign ministers are
not able to agree at this time
that Berlin "should be included
as a ‘Land’ in the initial organ-
ization of the German Federal
Republic.” :

A special clause-was written
into the West German constitu-
tion in. accordance. with this
western allied instruction,. im-
plicitly recognizing that West
Berlin did not form -part of the
West German state. sae

The western allies repeated
their objections to attempts to
incorporate West Berlin into
the West German state one
year later. :

Since then there has been no
change in -thé legal or ¢onsti-
tutional situation. fs

It is thus shown clearly that
West Berlin is not today, and
never has been, a part of the
West German state.

political thought will centre

comes at an auspicious time,
For several weeks. now public

-attention has been focused on
| Parliament Hill as a result of

‘the Coyne “affair”,

sy is Canada’s’ indépendent ‘de-
velopment. versus craven cap-

control — with James Coyne

riotism. e
At the centre of the crisis in

national policy is the govern-

ment’s deliberate subordina-

economically, ‘politically and
militarily to the United States,

U.S.A. want Canada lock, stock
and barrel. They demand that

They demand that Canada re-
main in NORAD and NATO.
They demand these, and many
other commitments,

And the ruling monopoly
clique in Canada undertakes. to
carry out these U.S. assign-
ments,

The Liberal Party, under
MacKenzie King and St. Lau-
rent, initiated and nursed along
via the Abbott Plan the policy
of subordinating Canada’s na-
tional interests to the expan-

ism,

out” the Liberals and threw
them out of office. They turned
to the Conservatives under
John _ Diefenbaker, placing
their trust in his demagogic
promise of the “Canadian vis-
ion”. :
. There is mounting evidence
that, in -growing numbers,
voters are coming’ to ‘the con-
clusion that the Conservative
Party is tarred with the same
brush as the Liberal Party,
And, because the crisis of
national’ policy “adversely -af-
fects the daily lives of ordinary
people, those who have lost

bound to search about for pol-
itical solutions offering a way

out of the deepening crisis,
@

the possibility of a people’s pol-

fectively challenge policies
which subjugate our country

militarily to the U.S.A. :

_ Others, not Seeing this far as

The heart of this controver:!
itulation to U.S. ownership and
championing \the former, the |.
Diefenbaker government slay-|
ishly manipulating the latter, |

and the Liberal opposition cyn-.
ically . exploiting Coyne’s pat-

tion of our national interests |:
to its policy of tying Canada’

The ruling ‘circles of the|

Canada become a nuclear base. |

sionist aims of U.S. imperial-|

faith in the old-line parties are:

Many see in the New Party’

itical movement which can ef-|

econamically, politically and:

on the New Party founding

convention at Ottawa on July 31 to August 3.
The founding — convention, ;

yet, see the New Party as a
vehicle for bringing intd being
much-needed economic and go-
clal reforms.

The debate around the aims
and structure of ‘the New

ALF DEWHURST

ee» Writes on New Party
convention

Party hhas ranged over a fairly
wide area in Spite of the stud-
ied efforts of the right-wing
CCF and trade union official-
dom to restrict it to “safe”
channels,

The. main . controversy on
policy centres around Canada’s
participation in NATO and
U.S. domination,

The debate around the latter

jhas not been as livel
The voters finally “found, c as | wie ees

frank ag on those questions re-
lating: to war and peace.

_ There is fairly general agree-
ment on those questions relat:
ing to economic and social re-
form. :

_ What has not yet been suf-
ficiently ‘grasped by many of
the ‘participants in the debate
is that ‘the possibility of insti-
tating far-reaching economic
and ‘social reforms is hinged to
the fight to break the U.S.
Stranglehold on our country,
~ The Cubans learned this les-
60n, . i ‘

Hazen Argue, the parliamen-
tary leader of the CCF, has
shown by his fight at the last
CCF ‘convention, an d_his
Speeches in and out of parlia-
ment ‘since, he realizes that
Canada - must break with

nounce nuclear weapons.

The youth wing of the move-
ment, ‘which will hold’ its con-
ference just prior to the found-

ing convention, has been _par-

ticularly active in. debating
policy, ; :

NORAD and NATO and re-

New Party convention meets.
in midst of growing crisis

_ By ALF DEWHURST
Eyes mirroring the whole -breadth of Canadian

he movem aay
The youth of t smuist

more free of anti-Comm at
and other deep-seated P be
dices than their elders, @ ite
a veritable powerhouse in er
ning support for the New*" ”
on the hustings. : A
‘They can be this a
houes, providing theit ®
of all-in unity around
gram that puts the RY™
Canada and her peopl
are not blocked by. sens)

o ete
AX most important TO
shaping the policies and

founding convention
played by the trade union ©”
egations. ae
_ Anti-monopoly policies
ed on developing all-in” ots
of the labor and farm ih
ments fully cooperating
the urban middle cl
(which will enthuse and se th
ize the youth as well Tet
working masses) can be WO"
the founding convention ? j oin
trade union delegations - {or
with others in fightine ~
them. 2 ie ae ‘i 10
The trade unions cam ing
this support after overcomy
serious difficulties arising *

the opposition engender ee
the U.S.-based internation? = 7
The same individual off

who paid moré heed to the offi“
structions of U.S. union enelf
“ une

Se

cers than to the wishes of
Canadian members Will ©,
doubtedly strive to block de |
water. down the politica ee
mands of the trade union ™ ei
berships at the founding re eo
vention. - F Ma
“But they can be persuaded
change their minds by 2 an
sistent and consistent stam 16
the part of the rank and fel
delegates who, with theit” of
low-workers, bear the bru2™.
anti-Canadian policies 08 © ~~
backs, eens
Full rank and file particl®
tion in the deliberations 0 ij
convention will help the “the Ve
Party to measure up 10.
hopes of the ordinary peop” i
struggling for decent ~ ;
conditions and jobs. _ nat
The people will support the
party which will work tO
restoration of Canadian © ae

omic, political and military ~

dependence; for the wit draw
al of our country from NP 7
and NORAD; for special Mt
ures, including taxation — S.
other controls, to curb * da
economic expansion in Cape”
for expansion of Cana’
manufacturing, creating eae ra
jobs for Canadians; for ech j
ship and trade with all CM |
tries,

ae
_ July 28, 1961—=PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Pas?

2;