* Republic) “West German leaders are treating West, Berlin as if it Were part of West Germany.” @ reader points out, and then asks: “Is this really so? Have they any legal clai‘a on “it?” An answer to this question Was very ably summarized Some time ago by the editors of the"German. Democratic Re- ‘port, published in East Ber: lin. Here are the facts as they presented them: The whole division of Ger- many into two states is based upon various agreements reach- ed by the allies in 1944 and 1945 onthe various occupa- tion zénes in Germany. West Germany (the German Federal corisists of ‘those areas Which were allocated by inter-allied agreement to Bri- tain, France and the USA, and _ East Germany ‘(the German * Democratic Republic) of that part allocated to the Soviet Union, These. various agreements were “summarized in a Four Power Declaration, signed by the four commanders in occu- pied Berlin on June 5, 1945, which stated: ' “Germany .. . will for the » purposes of occupation, be de- vided into feur zones, one to be allotted to each power... The area of Greater Berlin will be occupied by forces of each of the Four Powers. An _ inter- allied ‘governing authority will be established to direct jointly its administration.” | A joint statement on the ma- chinery of ‘control, issued on the same date in. Berlin, stated: '.“,.. supreme authority in Germany will be exercised by the British, United States, Sov- jet and French commanders-in- chief, each in his own zone of Occupation . .. The administra- tion of the Great Berlin area will be directed by an inter- allied ‘governing authority .. . | - It should be noted that both these statements. make a clear distinction between the various Zones, in .each of which the relevant. commander had sup- reme - authority, and Berlin, for which only. administrative @rrangements were made. | No attempt was made by the western allies in 1945 to claim supreme authority in West Ber- lin, and tacit recognition was given to the fact that Berlin lay in the centre of what was then the Soviet zone: the Soviet au- thorities administered the rail- Ways and waterways through- Out the whole of Berlin, East and West. ' In 1948 this right of admin- istration ‘passed to the GDR, which continues to administer these means of communication 4s West Berlin part _ of West Germany? to this day throughout th whole of Berlin, There are no agreements of any sort, dating from ‘1945 or later, giving Berlin as a whole, or West Berlin, the’ status of a “fifth occupation zone.” ‘The aim of-these agreements. in 1944 and 1945 was to make Berlin a centre for the inter- allied administration of the whole of Germany, and later as the seat for the “central German administrative ‘depart- ments” forseen by. the - Pots- dam agreement, which should | have developed into the gov- ernment.of a unified German state, Owing to the western breach of the spirit and the letter of the Potsdam agreement, how- ever, Germany was partitioned in September, 1949, by the formation of the West German state, and the formation one month later of the GDR. This left West Berlin in the anomalous position which it oe- cupies today: an aréa using the West German currency and ap- plying most West German laws, which is entirely sur- rounded by the German Demo- cratic Republic, and which lies more than 100 miles away from the nearest part of West Ger- man territory. It is extremely important to note that the western powers have never recognized. West Berlin as apart of the Ger- man. Federal -Republic, and have specifically. objected to its inclusion. When the preparations for the message to the West Ger- man state were in full swing in spring 1949, the western allies sent a message to the West German Parliamentary ~Coun-' cil on April 22 stating: “The foréign ministers are not able to agree at this time that Berlin "should be included as a ‘Land’ in the initial organ- ization of the German Federal Republic.” : A special clause-was written into the West German constitu- tion in. accordance. with this western allied instruction,. im- plicitly recognizing that West Berlin did not form -part of the West German state. sae The western allies repeated their objections to attempts to incorporate West Berlin into the West German state one year later. : Since then there has been no change in -thé legal or ¢onsti- tutional situation. fs It is thus shown clearly that West Berlin is not today, and never has been, a part of the West German state. political thought will centre comes at an auspicious time, For several weeks. now public -attention has been focused on | Parliament Hill as a result of ‘the Coyne “affair”, sy is Canada’s’ indépendent ‘de- velopment. versus craven cap- control — with James Coyne riotism. e At the centre of the crisis in national policy is the govern- ment’s deliberate subordina- economically, ‘politically and militarily to the United States, U.S.A. want Canada lock, stock and barrel. They demand that They demand that Canada re- main in NORAD and NATO. They demand these, and many other commitments, And the ruling monopoly clique in Canada undertakes. to carry out these U.S. assign- ments, The Liberal Party, under MacKenzie King and St. Lau- rent, initiated and nursed along via the Abbott Plan the policy of subordinating Canada’s na- tional interests to the expan- ism, out” the Liberals and threw them out of office. They turned to the Conservatives under John _ Diefenbaker, placing their trust in his demagogic promise of the “Canadian vis- ion”. : . There is mounting evidence that, in -growing numbers, voters are coming’ to ‘the con- clusion that the Conservative Party is tarred with the same brush as the Liberal Party, And, because the crisis of national’ policy “adversely -af- fects the daily lives of ordinary people, those who have lost bound to search about for pol- itical solutions offering a way out of the deepening crisis, @ the possibility of a people’s pol- fectively challenge policies which subjugate our country militarily to the U.S.A. : _ Others, not Seeing this far as The heart of this controver:! itulation to U.S. ownership and championing \the former, the |. Diefenbaker government slay-| ishly manipulating the latter, | and the Liberal opposition cyn-. ically . exploiting Coyne’s pat- tion of our national interests |: to its policy of tying Canada’ The ruling ‘circles of the| Canada become a nuclear base. | sionist aims of U.S. imperial-| faith in the old-line parties are: Many see in the New Party’ itical movement which can ef-| econamically, politically and: on the New Party founding convention at Ottawa on July 31 to August 3. The founding — convention, ; yet, see the New Party as a vehicle for bringing intd being much-needed economic and go- clal reforms. The debate around the aims and structure of ‘the New ALF DEWHURST ee» Writes on New Party convention Party hhas ranged over a fairly wide area in Spite of the stud- ied efforts of the right-wing CCF and trade union official- dom to restrict it to “safe” channels, The. main . controversy on policy centres around Canada’s participation in NATO and U.S. domination, The debate around the latter jhas not been as livel The voters finally “found, c as | wie ees frank ag on those questions re- lating: to war and peace. _ There is fairly general agree- ment on those questions relat: ing to economic and social re- form. : _ What has not yet been suf- ficiently ‘grasped by many of the ‘participants in the debate is that ‘the possibility of insti- tating far-reaching economic and ‘social reforms is hinged to the fight to break the U.S. Stranglehold on our country, ~ The Cubans learned this les- 60n, . i ‘ Hazen Argue, the parliamen- tary leader of the CCF, has shown by his fight at the last CCF ‘convention, an d_his Speeches in and out of parlia- ment ‘since, he realizes that Canada - must break with nounce nuclear weapons. The youth wing of the move- ment, ‘which will hold’ its con- ference just prior to the found- ing convention, has been _par- ticularly active in. debating policy, ; : NORAD and NATO and re- New Party convention meets. in midst of growing crisis _ By ALF DEWHURST Eyes mirroring the whole -breadth of Canadian he movem aay The youth of t smuist more free of anti-Comm at and other deep-seated P be dices than their elders, @ ite a veritable powerhouse in er ning support for the New*" ” on the hustings. : A ‘They can be this a houes, providing theit ® of all-in unity around gram that puts the RY™ Canada and her peopl are not blocked by. sens) o ete AX most important TO shaping the policies and founding convention played by the trade union ©” egations. ae _ Anti-monopoly policies ed on developing all-in” ots of the labor and farm ih ments fully cooperating the urban middle cl (which will enthuse and se th ize the youth as well Tet working masses) can be WO" the founding convention ? j oin trade union delegations - {or with others in fightine ~ them. 2 ie ae ‘i 10 The trade unions cam ing this support after overcomy serious difficulties arising * the opposition engender ee the U.S.-based internation? = 7 The same individual off who paid moré heed to the offi“ structions of U.S. union enelf “ une Se cers than to the wishes of Canadian members Will ©, doubtedly strive to block de | water. down the politica ee mands of the trade union ™ ei berships at the founding re eo vention. - F Ma “But they can be persuaded change their minds by 2 an sistent and consistent stam 16 the part of the rank and fel delegates who, with theit” of low-workers, bear the bru2™. anti-Canadian policies 08 © ~~ backs, eens Full rank and file particl® tion in the deliberations 0 ij convention will help the “the Ve Party to measure up 10. hopes of the ordinary peop” i struggling for decent ~ ; conditions and jobs. _ nat The people will support the party which will work tO restoration of Canadian © ae omic, political and military ~ dependence; for the wit draw al of our country from NP 7 and NORAD; for special Mt ures, including taxation — S. other controls, to curb * da economic expansion in Cape” for expansion of Cana’ manufacturing, creating eae ra jobs for Canadians; for ech j ship and trade with all CM | tries, ae _ July 28, 1961—=PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Pas? 2;