By PHYLLIS ROSNER BERLIN Representatives of Europe’s Resistance movements are to intensify protests against the rally planned for this summer in Western Germany by asso- ciations of former S.S. mem- bers. This has. been decided by victims of the Hitler regime from all parts of Europe meet- ing in Bonn. .An appeal was addressed to the West German Zovernment and to all Ger- mans to take action to prevent the rally being held. The proposed rally, the ap- peal said, is “an insult to the Resistance opposes planned Nazi _ rally memory of murdered” men, women and children. We can- not understand that an organ- isation such as the S.S.; con- demned as criminal by the Allied tribunal at Nuremberg, can again be active in Western Germany.” A similar protest was made recently by’ the Resistance Fighters’ Organisation in the German Democratic Republic, whose spokesmen described the projected S.S. get-together as a provocation to the people of Europe, to the victims of Warsaw, Lidice, Oradour, of Marzabetto and Putten. Nigerians disappointed in independence conference LONDON The Nigerian Constitutional Conference ended last week With the Nigerians’ ‘disappointed that they had been unable to win a firm promisé of independence by 1960. Originally the delegations from the three regions of Ni- geria had united in a demand for independence for all Nigeria by 1959. a But all they could, win from the -British Colonial secre- tary A. T. Lennox-Boyd. was a promise that when the new Nigerian federal parliament is elected in 1959, if it demands Independence by,-a date in 1960, this will be considered ‘Hostility’ to Hungary. Moscow radio last week ac- cused the Western powers of Surrounding Hungary ‘by a wall of hostility and trying to prevent peaceful construc- tion by means of endless prov- ocations.” “What is all the talk about Sympathy for the Hungarians really worth?” asked the com- mentator broadcasting in Mos- cow Radio’s -English service for North America. “How is that sympathy ex- Pressed? In the fact that the Oversized staff of the U.S. em- bassy in Budapest is carrying On subversive activity against the country?” The commentator said the Soviet Union had “helped the ungarian people to maintain’ freedom and democracy. “Tt was the Soviet Union and not the United States or any other western power that Sent Hungary 450,000 tons of &rain, 200,000 tons of fodder and large amounts of iron ore, rolled steel, pig iron and other goods. “It was the Soviet Ucn and not the Western countries hat gave Hungary long-term Credits‘on the «most advantag- ous ternis.”’ Moscow Radio Teport because “it did not have the goal of looking for . +. the truth, but of inciting “ans-<- other international tion.” provoca- said these. facts did not get into. the. UN> by the British government. The three regional premiers, Dr. Azikiwe, of East Nigeria, the Sardauna of Sokoto, Nor- thern Nigeria and Chief Awol- owo, of West Nigeria—unit- edly replied that, in the ‘cir- cumstances “we can do no more than to take note of the secretary of state’s statement, while reserving to ourselves the right to pursue the issue farther with a view to impres- sing upon the British govern- ment the necessity for grant- ing independence to the Fed- eration of Nigeria not later than April 2, 1960.” Artificial Artificial moons slipped back a little farther into the dis- tance last week with a ‘United Nations statement that the Soviet ‘Union would launch its “some time during satellite Brilliant achievements’ made by Five Year Plan, reports Chow : Optimism with caution, praise for China’s By ALAN WINNINGTON “brilliant achievements” PEKING coupled with criticism of mistakes, keynoted Premier Chou En-lai’s report to the National People’s Congress which opened here last week. Chou’s speech was an extension of Chairman Mao’s recent theoretical contribution into the practical affairs of state. Noting that international developments were beneficial to peace, Chou supported the Korean call for a conference of the powers concerned to _ solve Korean unification peacefully. China’s first Five-Year Plan was a success Chou said, and he cited the fact that steel out- put during the five years would be double the quantity from the turn of: the century to 1949. A good part of his speech was devoted to refuting those who are now advancing argu- ments against socialism. He gave first place in re- laxing tension, to the Soviet proposals for hanning nuclear weapons and tests, carrying out disarmament and coexist- ing peacefully, and to the growing role of countries like India. On China’s home situation, Chou said that the past four years, but especially the past year, had been a period of bril- liant achievement and pro- found change. Annual indus- trial output this year would be 220 percent of 1952—before the start of the Five-Year Plan. Agriculture output would be 126 percent of 1952 despite bad weather last year. Vast industrial conservation and agricultural projects had been carried out, and all this done mainly on China’s own resources. Only 2.3 percent of capital investments had been from foreign loans. These gains, he said, would not have been possible without mass class struggle movements of the past, during which the enemies of the revolution had been uprooted. He dealt in detail with those who contended that excesses were committed during such movements. In most cases where death sentences had been imposed these had been before 1952 and for repeated brutal crimes against the peo- ple . In cases of lesser sen- tences the majority of those concerned were now free. Mao Tse-tung had proposed a review of cases where errors might have occurred, and where these were found they must be corrected and public apologies made. But ‘the cases dealt with in this way had shown that injustices were few in number. Dealing with the~ present criticisms of the state system, Chou said China was a people’s democratic state led by the working class and based on its alliance with the - peasants. Popular power was exercised through congresses and based on democratic centralism. The basic system would en- sure the victory of socialism and no attempts to shake it would be tolerated. However, it was not perfect and must be improved. The central authorities were preparing to give wider powers to local authorities. Vital-laws covering land re- form, trade unions, elections, marriage, insurance, had been in operation and now a crim- minal code has been drafted. A civil code was .in the pro- cess of drafting. The “rightists’ who on the pretext of helping the Com- munist party improve itself, were attacking the, basic sys- tem of the state, actually want- ed to sever state power from the working class and -its Communist party. The aim was to take the country from the socialist road to the capitalist road and this the Chinese peo- ple wouldn’t tolerate. Chou disclosed -that when he was first entrusted with the form of government in 1954 it had been agreed that one- quarter of the members of the government would be non- Communists, and that still ob- tained. The extensive democratic freedom enjoyed by the Chin- ese people would grow as socialism developed, but the Chinese people would not give freedom to those who wanted to destroy the basic system and socialism itself. moons still far from ready the next 18 months.” Earlier statements by both the Soviet - Union and the United States had led the world to suppose that “any minute now” the sky would be filled with girdling basket balls. The UN statement was made in a UNESCO booklet The International Geophysical Year and said the Russians would launch only one satellite, but that this would probably be bigger than the ten or 12 the Americans plan to launch. The earth satellite being’ built by the United Sta tes (left) would follow the orbit shown at right. July 5, 1957 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3