-India-China border dispute a cold war

It was not accidental that the India-China border dispute was intensified just
when the United Nations was discussing China’s admission and just when the ordin-
ary people of the world were breathing a sigh of relief at the thaw in the cold war
following the Khrushchev-Eisenhower talks.

For this dispute, on an ex-
amination of facts, is nothing
but a deliberate and danger-
ous provocation designed to in-
jure China and disrupt the
_ world’s working class. It is a
threat to world peace.

There are four different
boundary lines in the disrup-
ted areas:

1. There is the boundary in

‘the Kashmir area drawn by
‘ the East India Company in
~ 1854.
:» 2. There is* the MacMahon
‘ line (proposed by a British ag-
‘ent in 1914 but not accepted
‘by China), running between
- India, Tibet, Burma and Bhu-
> tan.

3. There is the line drawn in
maps published in China be-
fore the Communist liberation
in 1949, which China holds to
be the correct boundary.

4. There is the line publish-
ed in Indian maps which In-
dia holds to be the correct
boundary.

These borders have never

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been the subject of so much
contention or controvery be-
fore because they pass, for the
most part. through mountain-
ous and uninhabitable terri-
tory that no-one would want.

It is of interest, therefore, to
see Indian troops violating all

|four boundaries, including the

one recognised by India, at a
time that coincides with an
all-out campaign against China
and Communism.

. Here is the record:

In Septermber, 1958, 15 In-
dian soldiers crossed bound-
ary line drawn on Indian maps
near the Sinkiang Tibet high-
way. They were sent back
again.

From then on the violations
continued and in some places
Indian troops still hold Chin-
ese territory.

On August 25 this year a de-
tachment of Indian troops
crossed both: the MacMahon
line and the Indian line at a
point where were identical and
opened fire on Chinese troops:
near Longiu, some distance
from the border.

Chinese troops returned the
fire -and issued ‘another -pro-
test to India through diploma-
tice channels, while refraining
from making public statements
to the world press.

Such silence was not main-
tained by the Indian press and
propagandists who used the vi-
olations to continue the tirade
launched against China during
the Tibetan rebelion.

Nehru insisted that Chinese
troops, not Indian troops, had
crossed the border and that the
Chinese had issued threats
against Bhutan. On September
1 the Prime Minister of Bhutan

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emphatically denied this.

Nevertheless, Indian troOps
have continued_ to cross the
border, both in disputed areas
and where the border is com-
monly defined,

The Indian — government,
with Nehru’s full approval, is
trying to force on China a un-
ilaterally-defined border which
it inherited from the days of
British imperialism — _ the
days when British force and
trickery were used to extend
the boundaries of the Empire.

This boundary would hack
away vast areas of Chinese
territory because the contro-
versial area runs along 1,200
miles.

China has exercised contin-
ual restraint hoping to bring
about a reasonable “settlement

of the question — the formal.
drawing-up of an acceptable,
boundary — by friendly neg-
otiation.

Accordingly, China has
steadfastly refrained from step- \
ping on to Indian ternitoryol
even across the disputed Mac-
Mahon line which China has
never recognized.

But this has been taken as
a sign of weakness to be ex-
ploited for cold-war propa-
ganda purposes.

The Standing Committee. of
tne National People’s Congress
of China “expresses regret at
the recent series of intrusions
by Indian troops into Chinese
territory and the anti-Chinese
campaign whipped up by some
right-wing politicians in India
and expresses the hope that the
Indian side will swiftly with-
draw from the places into
which it has intruded, stop the
anti-Chinese agitation and start
friendly negotiations with

China for a peaceful settle-

“The imperialist fore
the West and their age;
India are trying to
vantage of the Sino-Indiz
der incidents to disrup
great friendship between
and India and change J
foreign policy of peas
neutrality. ;

‘“We:believe that- th
the friéndly efforts of
governments and people
two countries will certa
able to attain a reason:
solution of their differences
the boundary question in
cordance with the five p
ciples of peaceful co-exis;
and their desire for ym
friendship, thus. defeati
schemes of their commo
emies and consolidatin
great friendship.”

y

It is significant that
dian Government has m
similar offer but. persist
continuing the camp
provocations and vilifj
that fits so convenient

ment of the boundary question.

the current cold-war pr

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