het Sa
| is he Chernovitsy State University, with 8,500 students attending

3
cing grariments, is housed in one of the smartest buildings ot
itsy (the Ukrainian SSR)—a unique architectural structure

© 19th century.

, tog
.° Count

"9 the war.

In : :

ag years of Soviet power in Bukovina, the university turned
Gjor educational and research establishment which supplied

ty with 10,000 highly skilled specialists in the years follow-

Life flourishes in Ukraine

By TOM FOLEY

“The corrosive national ani-
mosities that burned in Galicia
over past centuries have largely
disappeared under Soviet rule.”
This is the conclusion of Char-
lotte Saikowski, staff correspon-
dent of the Christian Science
Monitor, in a May 9 feature
story datelined Lvov.

The newswoman found that,
“Ukrainians today are unabash-
edly themselves. They proudly
exhibit their nationality ... it is
also evident that the regime’s
massive effort to educate the
people has fed and matured the
Ukrainian national awareness.”

These findings seem to back
up what another ~ Christian
Science Monitor correspondent,
Paul Wohl, described in an April
19, 1968, story from the Ukrain-
ian SSR: “Under the Soviets
virtually the entire world litera-
ture has been translated into
Ukrainian. Education also had
much to do with the growth of
Ukrainian national conscious-
ness; Ukrainian is the language
of instruction in all primary
schools and most secondary
schools.” Wohl noted that the
tsarist regime totally banned the

Ukrainian language and litera-
ture from 1870 on.

In a chat in a park, one
Ukrainian said to correspondent
Saikowski: “I remember the pov-
erty and illiteracy in the old
days. Now Ukrainians are edu-
cated. They have high positions
here and in other republics.”
The U.S. reporter found no ani-
mosity toward the Russians. A
burly Ukrainian engineer told
her: “Russia was founded. in

Kiev ... Our peoples are very ~
close and always will be—and
that’s why our country is
strong.”

Monitor reporter Wohl wrote
that, “The enemies of Russia,
and later of the Soviet Union, al-
ways have sought to use Ukrai-
nian nationalism for their pur-
poses ... At the height of the
cold war Western enemies of
the Soviet Union seriously dis-
-cussed plans to foment uprisings
in the Ukraine and to set up
this richest Soviet republic as
the ‘France of the East’ under
American ‘protection’.”

Correspondent Saikowski
found that nationalist extrem-
ists in the Ukrainian SSR “con-
stitute only a small minority”
and were considered by most

others as troublemakers and “an
aberration in Soviet society.”
She writes that three years ago
some of these extremists were

‘imprisoned “for their involve-

ment with Ukrainian emigré
groups in the West.”

Most U.S. news reports about
these trials implied that the ac-
cused were being judged solely
for their opinions and said no-
thing about their ties with the
emigrés, who supported nazi
Germany in World War II.

One woman commented to re-
porter Saikowski about Vyache-
slav Chornovil, literary critic
who established contact with
the emigrés: “If he’s so coura-
geous, why didn’t he try to pub-
lish his book here He broke
Soviet law by smuggling his
manuscript to the West and de-
serves to be punished.”

The accounts of the two
Christian Science Monitor re-
porters make, interesting anti-
dotes to much of the cold war-
inspired propaganda about the
Ukrainian SSR, which is gen-
erally the only material the U.S.
reader is provided with by the
commercial press.

—Daily World

__ Principles, resolute leadership for unity

Gu
| of Tend Husak, first secretary
Commu €ntral Committee of the
Vakia, Bee Party of Czechoslo-
Pee osing May 9th last on
holiday Sion of the Victory Day
The a of his country, ‘said,
ations °S, Will pass, new gener-
Benen Will succeed the present
h ton, but humanity will
Ietive Orget the stupendous col-
) Peopte, heroic exploit of the
headin Of the Soviet Union who,
and alt the anti-fascist coalition
tic: fo anti-fascist and democra-
tribution = made the main con-
ite aie to victory over Hitler-
lberati ism. . The mission of
iet 40" discharged by the Sov-
Y was a triumph for in-
at ysrualism, and this historic
Ceri be inscribed throughout
of oy Y in the annals not only
T nations.”
fro © following are extracts
On ee address delivered
ta Ory Day:
the s°choslovakia is celebrating
anniversary of libera-
"eta,

'eatio

ca

their origin and objective aims
acquired the character of anti-
socialist forces. Depending upon
their class and social roots, they
joined the views of political for-

ces, movements. and tendencies -

that existed both in the pre-war
bourgeois Republic and in the
years 1945-1948. The fact that
these forces, which revived un-
der the influence of the environ-
ment also in the ranks of the
new generation, did not have the
possibility to act before January
1968, does not yet mean that
they ceased to exist. The class
motives of the bourgeois and
petty-bourgeois section of our
society that preceded February
1948 were not overcome in the
minds of people, neither were
the traditions of the bourgeois
and petty-bourgeois political
movements and __ ideological
views overcome. Furthermore,
there were bourgeois influences,
influences of Western propagan-
da. That is why, in the new situ-

Speech by Gustav Husak, General Secretary,
mmunist Party of Czechoslovakia, May 9, in Prague.

tion ;

dopeay atmosphere marked by

Presenti effort, which it sees as

Ctisis ing the way out from the
Our society and the

Party are going

in _ January 1968 there began
the ¢ Tanks of our Party and in
tapes a noteworthy turn
Star eam development; there
Which a process the purpose of
| ‘See ilend to do away with the

Polic ations of the past in our

mista rectify the injustices. and

lurthe €s, and embark upon the
ang +. development of socialist

U

Boal petty democracy. The
Dost. this, what we have called
Stren anuary policy, was to
Our then socialist society in
stil] pantry so as to make it a
ore dependable member of
tS 0Cialist community . . .
OWever, under the influence
Whole number of objective
Subjective circumstances,
oe of extremist elements
the" to gradually “parasitise’ in
Process, elements who by

ee
ut ki

ation that arose after January
1968, these forces again came to
the surface of political life, true,
after tactically changing pseudo-
socialist slogans or camouflaging
their true political aims .

e

“The forces which are attack-
ing the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia from outside
were able to penetrate the poli-
tical arena on such a dangerous
scale due to the right-wing op-
portunist forces inside the CPCz,
forces that covered the activities
of the anti-socialist elements,
paved the way for them and of-
ten even entered into a bloc with
them...

“The right-wing opportunist
forces inside the CPCz tried by
their actions to weaken one of
the most vital principles of build-
ing the Party and socialist so-
ciety—democratic centralism, to
pave the way for spontaneity and
anarchy. They tried to weaken
and actually deny the leading
role of the Communist Party,

wanted to revise. the internation-
alist policy of the CPCz. They
fanned anti-Sovietism and under-
estimated the class approach to
international problems. They
whipped up nationalism and
adopted a nihilist attitude to our
revolutionary past, etc....

“(They) seized a number of -

positions inside the Party and
provoked a political struggle for
leadership in the Party and in the
state, for the gradual revision
and reorientation of home and
foreign policy . . . The absence
of unity in the ranks of the Par-
ty, and the process of demorali-
zation inside society and in the
country continued and threaten-
ed with catastrophic political
and economic consequences.
c @

“The plenary meeting of the
CC of the CPCz, which adopted
the well-known urgent measures,
was held in this situation on
April 17. The new leadership re-
ceived a mandate from the Cen-
tral Committee. It received it
primarily in order that it take all
the necessary measures within
the shortest possible time to
create a positive atmosphere in-
side the Party and in the coun-
try, in order that it find a way
out of the crisis. This is the big-
gest and most important task of
the immediate future.

“In April,” the CC of the CPCz
particularly stressed in its state-
ment: ‘We are strongly deter-
mined to implement the post-
January political line expressed
in the program documents of the
Party, particularly in the Novem-
ber resolution. We reject poli-
tical double-dealing and attempts
to revise the Leninist nature of
the Party as the militant van-
guard of the working class. We
realize that we shall strengthen
the confidence of our people in
the Communist Party, gradually
rid our life or uncertainty and
ensure unity and progress of so-
cialist society not by waverings,
not by concessions and adoption
of alien ideologies, but by prin-
cipled and resolute leadership.
By strengthening the basic links
of state power, we shall streng-
then the power of the working
people.

“We see the main link of this

consolidation process in the
Communist Party which strives
and should strive for its ranks
to become united on the basis of
Marxism-Leninism . . . We shall

. not allow any concessions on the

questions of principle and we
shall not depart an inch from
the Marxist positions.

“Along with cohesion neces-
sary for joint action of the com-
munist ranks, we intend to
continue with the policy of the
democratic development of the
Party and society. Under no cir-
cumstances can we allow a re-
turn to the old methods of work
in the Party. The CPCz will be
able to retain its leading role in
society only by strengthening in-
defatigably intra-Party demo-
cracy and democratic relations
in society, and making this a
basis for the systematic activ-
ities of the Party and the
state-2.0%:

“Along with consolidating our
Party and society, the leader-
ship of the CPCz and of the
state intends to take all the ne-
cessary measures for consolidat-
ing our relations with the Soviet
Union and other socialist coun-
tries. Built on the principles of
Marxism-Leninism, friendship,
fraternal assistance, mutual co-
operation and international sol-
idarity, these relations are a
cornerstone of the foreign policy
of socialist Czechoslovakia . . .

“In this struggle of capitalism
with socialism, Czechoslovakia
constantly marches hand in hand
with the Soviet Union and its
other socialist partners. Using
all its national characteristics
and conditions in accordance
with its national and internation-
al interests, it shares successes
and failures with its allies and is
building a socialist society to-
gether with them.”

“End stalling
in Paris talks

On May 29 the Central Execu-
tive Committee of the Commun-
ist Party of Canada issued the
following statement concerning
current negotiations in Paris:

“Press reports today state
that this week’s negotiations on
Vietnam in Paris are again not
expected to be productive.

“We believe the majority of
Canadians share our opinion
that the time is past when an
end must be put to this stalling.

“There is only one obstacle
to productive negotiations to
quickly end this barbarous war.
That obstacle is the stubborn
refusal of the government of the
United States to accept as a
basis for these negotiations, the
ten-point program of the Nation-
al Liberation Front.

“This program sets forth the
only basis upon which this war
can be justly ended. It calls for

the unconditional withdrawal of
U.S. and other foreign military
troops, and for the resolution
of the question of Vietnamese
armed forces in South Vietnam
by the Vietnamese parties them-
selves. It provides the only sen-
sible basis for self-determination
for the people of South Vietnam
—free general elections and the
installation of a coalition gov-
ernment reflecting national con-
cord and the broad union of all
social classes.

“We call on the labor and
progressive movements in this
country, on all sections of the
Canadian peace movement to
unite in the active demand that
the Canadian government form-
ally state its support for the
program advanced by the Na-
tional Libeartion Front as the
basis for speedy conclusion of
the Paris talks.”

PACIFIC TRIBUNE-JUNE 6, 1969—Page 9