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|

MBER
MING, CORL

PRINTING & PoDUSHING

on feaaous METAS LRaD
‘ARIE TRANSPORTATION

‘INING OTHER THAN COAL

‘Creed

¥

\ may pursue a long, happy and
\ useful life for himself and his
family;

I believe in safety for my
country, because, with a sound
jnind and healthy body, free of

¢ ravaging impacts of acci-

ents, I can better serve her in
ur national desire for peace

: pad prosperity.
|—Lehigh Valley Safety News

The following address was delivered by Mr. Arthur Francis, Chief
Inspector of the Workmen's Compensation Board, before the Institute
on the Alcohol Problems In Industry, June 15, 1954. It is reproduced
here because in this address Mr. Francis touched on some aspects of
accident prevention that are frequently glossed over. (Editor.)

URING the year 1953 work injuries cost Canadian

industries eighty-six and a half million dollars. If to
this cost is added the expense of damaged equipment,
spoiled materials, decreased production, lowered effici-
endy and higher production costs which are always
associated with accident occurences, the total bills for
industrial accidents in Canada would amount to half a

billion dollars.

Over five hundred and fifteen thousand workmen
were injured and disabled from performing useful work
for an average period of approximately one month. In
eleven hundred and forty-two cases the injuries were

fatal.

That is the dreadful story of
industrial accidents. What is
more dreadful is that the accident
rate in our homes is approxim-
ately twice the industrial acci-
dent ‘rate, and motor vehicles are

.|killing and injuring almost three

times as many people as industry.

Accidents are filling our ceme-
teries, crowding our hospitals,
and occupying time of the med-
ical profession that could much
better be used in treating the
sick.

They Could Be Prevented

No disease—polio, T.B., can-
cer—causes the distress and suf-
fering to our people as much as
accidents. No war that has ever
been fought has had a casualty
list equal to the toll of accidents
at home. And the most pitiful
part of all is that accidents are

not necessary. They could all be
prevented.

What causes accidents? Indus-
try has an internationally stan-
dard code for assigning accident
causes. Because there is always
a chain of events which ultim-
ately results in the accident, the
code assigns both physical and
personal reasons in most in-
stances.

Under physical causes are list-
ed such things as: improperly
guarded equipment, defective
agencies, hazardous arrangements
or procedures, improper illumina-
tion or ventilation, or unsafe
dress or apparel.

Personal Factors

The personal factors include:
physical defects, lack of know-
ledge or skill, and improper at-

B.C. LUMBER WORKER

PERSONAL FACTORS

titude. Codes facilitate the

recording of accident data and|_

indicate the preventative pro-
cedure that should be taken.

It should be recognized, how-|_

ever, that unsafe physical condi-
tions do not in themselves cause
accidents, but they do provide an
opportunity for accidents to oc-
cur. Because unsafe physical
conditions are subject to en-
gineering control, they are not
too difficult to deal with.

Because the physical elements
of industrial operations are ob-
servable and workable, there
seems to be a human failing to
stress the physical factors un-
duly and to close the mind to the
more difficult aspects of the prob-
lem which lie in human mistakes
and failings.

The Human Element

The personal factors of ac-
cident causation are not sub-
ject to technical control. They
are intangible elements that
are most difficult to observe,
comprehend, and deal with. In
the final analysis both the’
proximate and the predisposing
causes of -accidents rest upon
the know-how and the ability
and the willingness to per-
form in a safe manner.

The know-how and ability to
perform work safely can be con-
trolled by proper selection, ade-
quate training and instruction,
and the use of suitable tools,
equipment, and processes. But

SHOE SAVED HIS FOOT

Carl Klint of Sproat Lake good condition the result could

Division, MacMillan and havebeena
Blocdel, ‘is now walking on This could
fe to all of us

was standing close to a Jog fect to put the
that was in the process of example of the “wwearability”

of in connection with,
hoes.

being bucked. When the cut
‘was completed the log sprang,

over and smashed his foot y Klint’s loging,
yainst another lor. boots were purchased Inst
‘The result was a smashed boot June and were worn steadily

tp until the time of the ac-

n cident in January,

ly erushed foot,
object lesson

even with ideal conditions in

plant and personnel, there must
still be a willingness of the
worker to follow prescribed
methods and procedures. The
major reason for accidents is
man’s unwillingness to exert him-
self and discipline himself so that
his actions are controlled and his
mind fully cognizant of the end
results of every action he makes.

Human Behaviour

The real effectiveness of the
accident prevention movement
lies in the application of know-
ledge gained by a study of human
morals, human character, human
behavior. As a result of the
hereditary and environmental in-
fluences to which he has been
subjected, man is imperfect phy-
sically, mentally, and emotional-
ly.

He is subject to both perman-
ent weal and temporary im-
pairments which affect his char-

acter, his disposition, his

Oi aA
A. FRANCIS
errors, and accidents result from
errors.

Accidents are a result of his
inability to observe and compre-
hend, and to foresee the results
of his actions. Any thing’ that
detracts from a man’s ability: to
give full attention to what he is
doing, or lowers his physical or
mental ability, or upsets his emo-
tional stability will produce with-
in that man an unsafe state of
mind and a dangerous attitude.

Intoxication Banned

Because alcohol does produce
these undesirable effects in
workmen, the Workmen’s Com-
pensation Board has a Regula-
tion which states, “No person
shall remain, or be permitted
to remain, on the premises of
any industrial operation’ while
under the influence of intoxicat-
ing liquor.” Any person whose
co-ordination and ability to
concentrate is not maintained
at a high degree of effective-
ness, is a danger to himself and
others,

I feel that there is a very great
similarity in the underlying
causes of the accident problem
and the alcohol problem. I am
convinced that it is quite prac-
ticable to reduce the industrial
accident rate to a very small
percentage of the existing rate.
I am satisfied that we can
demonstrate that it would be pro-
fitable to expend time, effort, and
money to achieve our desired ob-
jective in the reduction of ac-
cidents.. I am satisfied, too, that
both the philosophy and the pro-
cedures used to prevent indus-
trial accidents could be used to
curtail the alcohol problem.

Correction Program

The correction program must
include attention to the im-
mediate and individual needs
as well as an over-all, long-
range attack on the deep-seated
and fundamental causes. There
must be action on the three
levels of individual, industrial,
and social responsibilities.

In the individual there must be

the development of character
which will promote acceptance by
the individual of a full measure
of responsibility as an integral
part of society. In industry there
must be a demonstration of sin-
cere interest in, and a deep con-
cern for humanity, that will lead
to the promotion of a type of,
Jabour-management relations that
is so necessary for fullest effec-
tiveness of an industrial organ-
ization.
At the social level there must
be the development of a higher
moral standard with open public
disapprobation of any attitude or
behavior that is contrary to the
common good.

Leaders, and those who as-
pire to leadership, must prove
by precept and example that
they have the essential quali-
fication of moral responsibility.
The effects of accidents in any
walk of life, and the effects of .
alcoholism, are a social harm -