Education For Socialism

. Y.

producing surplus value which

the capitalist pockets as profit

when the product is sold.

On the surface, all is quite
“proper”, The capitalist buys
commodities—raw material and
wage-labor (lab or-power )—att
their value. He sells the pro-
duct that results, at its value;

= @ value made up of the past
labor that is incorporated in the
raw materials, wear and tear
of machinery, ete., and of the
new labor added by his work-
ers. Yet this value is greater
than that with which he started,
and sale of the product nets
him more than he laid out for
it — otherwise, there’d be no
profit for him in it, and he’d
stop producing altogether.

The catch is, of course, that
while the value of materials
comes back to him unchanged,
the use of living labor has add-
ed new value, and more than

the purchase of the labor-power
cost him.
“The worker receives
means of subsistence in ex-
change for his labor power,
but the capitalist receives in
exchange . .. labor, the pro-
ductive activity of the work-
er, the creative-power where-
by. the worker not only re-
places what he consumes but
gives to the accumulated la-
bor a greater value than it
previously possessed’.
Such is capitalist exploita-
tion. .

It is the extracting of sur-
plus value from unpaid labor,
made possible by the capitalist’s
private ownership of the means

PACIFIC ADVOCATE — PAGE 12

The Factory

Wage Slavery

“The Roman slave was
held by fetters; the wage
laborer is bound to his own-
er by invisible threads. The
appearance of independence
is kept up by means of a
constant change of employ-
ers and by the fictio juris
Cegal fiction) of a ‘con-
tract.”” — Capital; I, p. 586.

of production, and by the sale
and use of labor-power as a
commodity of a special kind.
- Thus capital is not simply a
“thing”, it is a social relation
of production — one that has
arisen under certain definite,
historical conditions. Under
capitalist production, goods are
produced predominantly as
commodities.
become a commodity and wage-
labor is the typical form of la-

labor-power has ~

Conf.

bor; and the extracting of sur-
plus value is the “direct aim
and determining incentive of
production”.

Such is the economic system
under which we have been liv-
ing in Canada, for close to a
hundred years.

@

READING: Lenin: Teachings
of K. Marx (Progress edition)
pp. 36-38. Marx: Wage-Labor &
Capital: Introduction and Ch.
I-5 (pp. 5-380).

Value, Price & Profit: Ch. 7-10
(pp. 37-45).

QUESTIONS:

1. How did capitalist produc-
tion come to replace simple
commodity production?

2. What determines the value
of labor-power?

3. What is. surplus-value?
How is it obtained by the cap-
italist?

4. What is capital?

Distribution Of National Income

The Canadian national income in 1984 was $3,600,000,000.
To this must be added $1,000,000,000 received in that year in
interest and dividends by Canadian capitalists from other coun-
tries.. How was this income divided ?

About $1,800 millions or one-half was paid out in wages
and salaries. The farmers got $440,000,000 or about 12 per-

ing force for peace,
1,300,000-strong
recently. “The Balkans, eternal
center of war and discord, are
helping to assure peace by a
policy of fraternity based upon
liberty for all,” he declared.
“We desire to resume as soon
as possible our relations with
all democratic countries, great
and small.”

Reviewing political develop-
ments* since the Aug. 23, 1944
liberation, Apostal stated that
not until the government of Dr.
Petru Groza was formed on
March 6, 1945, did- Romania
really have a democratic gov-
ernment. The. three interim
Sanatescu and Radeseu govern-
ments were of a military char-
acter and continued the policies
of the fascist Antonescu res
gime under the mask of democ-
racy, he asserted. Anti-Semi-
tism continued openly. The state
apparatus contained notorious
fascists from the period of An-
tonescu. The Germans and their
wealth in Romania was pro-
tected. Much-needed agrarian
reform was continually post-

, poned, War criminals went
around freely.

The democratic parties, unit-
ed in the National Democratic
Front, demanded the replace-
ment of the Radescu govern-
ment and huge meetings took
place throughout the country,
Apostal continued. On March. 2,
1945, King Michael demanded
Radescu’s resignation and with
the approval of the democratic
parties and of the Allied Con-
trol Commission named Groza
to form a new government. Gro-
za, who is president of the
1,500,000 member Ploughmen’s
Front, a peasant organization,
has all the democratic parties
in his government.

THE government is composed

of .the following representa-
tives of parties and organiza-
tions: three each from the
Ploughmen’s Front, the Liberal
party of Georges Tatarescu, the
Communist and Socialist parties
which constitute the
Workers Front; one member of
the dissenting National Peass
ant party headed by M. Alex-
andresco; one representative of
the Democratie Union of Ortho-
dox priests; and one GCL
member.

The same collaboration among
the big parties exists in each
™ministry. For instance, the
Minister of Interior is a Com-
munist. The three under-secre—
taries are a Liberal, a Socialist
and a member of the Plough-
men’s Front. In addition to the
political parties, the govern-
ment enjoys the support of the
Union of Patriots, formed il-
legally during the Antonescu
dictatorship, the Popular Hun-
garian Union with 500,000"
members from among the
Hungarian minority, the Pro-
gressive Youth, the Union of
Anti-Fascist Women, the Union

Neighbor’ Policy |
Helps Insure Peac¢

BUCHAREST — By its good neighbo |
with all surrounding peoples,
Georges Apostal, presi:,
General Confederation of ty

United -

: peeple, to whom

Romania is becg |

of Artisans, the Us
facturers and othe

Since its formg {
vernment has ma,.
ing reforms, ;.
Apostal: oy

© Agrarian ;
gave half a mil}
‘possessing no ];
hectares (aboy
acres). Church an |
were not expropr -
forests and ‘wine-; |
try did not fal] ;
form law.

@ Removal fr rH
apparatus of the —
ments appointed j ||
and retained by £4
Radescu. “|

@ Judgment a %
nation of war ;
popular tribunals.

@ Enforcing 7 .
laws against sabo !
black market and ~
free development
and commerce. i

@ Establishmen: ~
living standard by
aries. : !

@ Fraternity an ‘|
ferent nationalities: {!
including the Hun; !

@ = Establishma'
neighborly relatio:
reunding countries
ship with the Uni

@ Freedom of < |
of the press for a [:!
parties. Twenty-ons +)

papers of differ i
views are now } _
Bucharest.

“Ninety-five per
arable land is bein;
the landowning p }
spite attempts at}
the big landowne ia
said. “Factory outz *)
raised. Government
all the people to p
cation lines and fa
into operation afte
struction -by bomba ff
passage from: wartit
fighting proved s
time production: h
ted without -troul
out unmployment,
accords were made
USSR, Bulgaria,
Hungary and discusi
progress with Yugi
Czechoslovakia and
ernment hopes to ré
with the western col

The Groza goverr ‘
succeeded :

>
1
s
ay
e]
3
A

unity of the people
eoncluded. “It has

all of its acts”
FRIDAY, NOVEMBH