ge of Study for Socialism

‘on might be asked:
other with ancient
nat we’re interested
sent, the things that
'og¢ now!” To which
'-uble. answer:
irst. place, today’s
fare the product of
“ordays; and just be
', are changing and
ll the time, we can
“tand them if we
they come from,
_ arose. Capitalism
existed. To under-

4 Ehere are social sys-
te ‘old? to. us—feu-
- instance—but for
"day, the - fight to
i grow beyend- them
» and -urgent -issue.
The break-up of the
estates in Central
Europe; the strug-
“a billion people in
“ifricea for |freedom
—rdness and oppres-
ght against feudal
‘dal. conditions. in
ca.) To understand
3 we need to know
out capitalism and
it about -the ,earlier
~s that went before.
_.d Canada, we need
- athing about feudal-
cial system was in
ve for well over two
left the French-
snmunity a heritage
and difficulties that
“major part in Cana-

q @

‘oppilressing and
“ssed, rich and
-k as far as written

they aren’t some-
al,’ or part of hu-
-’ There was a whole
-of human society in
‘as hadn’t yet come
This was the primi-
ial society — the so-
e American Indians
er and Champlain
ada.

766 E. Hastings
js Steam Baths

aecouver, B.C.

DAY and NIGHT
“tt Masseurs In

; Attendance

‘D STUDIG
£ With a Camera”

tings St. PAc. 7644
COUVER, B.C.

and Patty As
[(OMEMADE”

INGS BeyEny |

astings

lroquois and soars

Under this primitive com-

munal system, with stone tools
and the bow and arrow as the
means of production, a man’s
lebor could rarely produce any
more than just what was need-
ed for subsistence. With no sur-
plus being produced, there could
be no possibility of one -class
living off the labor of another
class; and without this possibil-

[ENCE OF SOCIETY

Conducted by
@ National Educational Direcior.

- STANLEY

B. RYERSON

of stone tools), and to till the
soil. With these advances in
technique came the possibility
of a division of labor in the work
of- production. The earliest divi-
sion of labor had been that be-
tween the sexes (the man hunt-
ing and fishing, the woman
lcoking after the dwelling, food
and clothing). But now cattle-
raising, pastoral tribes. appear,
and then, later, handicrafts be-

come separated from agricul-
ture. Social division of labor,
and increased productivity give

rise to private property, and to
the exchange of products. And
with these, comes the possibility
of keeping captives as slaves,
and living off their labor: classes

appear on the scene.

address all enquiries to ——

The accompanying outlines prepared by LPP National
Educational Director are designed both for individual and
group study. A growing number of people in British Co-
lumbia are eager to; understand the Marxist approach to
social questions and will welcome the outlines as a regu-
lar feature of the paper. Simply written and rich in illus-
tration, the outlines are prepared specially for individuals
who are seeking their first introduction.to the science of
Marxism. Questions and comments will be welcomed and
supplementary materials will be supplied on request. Please .

MINERVA COOPER,

Provincial Educational Director,
209 Shelly Building, Vancouver, B.C.

ity, there could be no class so-
ciety. D. Jenness, in “The In-
dians of Canada,” writes of the
Iroquois: “There were no
strata in society . . . In. the ab-
sence of any legislative or ¢ex-
ecutive body within the tribes
cr bands, law and order depend-
ed solely on the strength of pub-
lie opinion.”

This. was a society based on
communal, not private property:
a society in which there were
not |yet classes, nor a_ state.
(Engels: ““The state pre-sup-
poses a special public power sep-
arated from the body of the
people.’’)

.)
Hew was society able to grow

beyond this early, primitive
stage?

By discovering how to

Ga in place

work and use metals

Among the Indians who were
beginning to develop agriculture
and to make use of copper, the

exchange of products grew more].

frequent: occasional barter was
followed by the use of shell
beads (wampum) as a medium
of exchange, as money.

On the Pacifie coast, slavery
arose. Prisoners taken in war,
instead of being massacred and
sometimes eaten, were kept
alive. Jenness writes:

“The British Columbia In-
dians, so far from being a demo-
cratic people,
distinct grades of society, nobles,
commoners and slaves.’”? Among
the Tlinkit and Bella Coola
tribes, a third of the population
were slaves. (In the highly de-
veloped slave society of ancient
Athens, there were 90,000 free
citizens, 865,000 slaves.)

A charge of 50 cents for each insertion

of five lines or less with 10 cents for each
additional line is made for notices appearing
in this column. No notices will be accepted
later than Tuesday noon of the week of

publication.

- NOTICES

Oldtime Dancing
To Alf.
Every Wednesday and Saturday

Carlson’s Orchestra

Bastings Auditorium
828 East Hastings Street

Phone: HA 3248
Moderate rental rates for. socials
weddings, meetings, etc.

Cedar Kindling—
Rough Clear Kindling, part dry and part
wet. Per cord, 5.00.
Mill Run, no knots, no shingles,
burn—11% cords, $5.00; 2 cords,
Cedar Sawdust, No. 1 ‘resh cut coarse,
fresh water mixed. Immediate delivery.

Benta Fuels, FA. 7862, Rear
1685 Main Street.

dry to
$6.00.

OK Hair Restored !— fog

By | scientific
results with the first free treatment. U.

method. Free advice.

' Antonuck, 671 Smythe. ~~ fi

Dance—Clinton Hall—
2605 East Pender.
Modern and Old-Time;

Dance every Saturday
night.

|the slave,

The relations of production in

the primitive communal sys-
tem are those of social, common
ownership of the instruments

and the fruits of production:
classes and exploitation do not
yet exist. Under the slave sys-
tem, there is private ownership
of the* means of production, in-
eluding .the slave. “Rich and
poor, exploiters and exploited,
people with full rights and peo-
ple with no rights, and a fierce
class struggle between them—
such is the picture of the slave
system.” (Stalin.)

THE next stage in human ‘so-

ciety is that of feudalism. It
prevailed in Europe for a thou-
sand years after the break-down
of the Roman slave-empire. It
was in effect in France when
Canada’ became a French colony.

Under feudalism, the rela-
tions of production are based on
a system of landholding, in
which the great landowners live
of the = labor
who: are bound to the soil. The
serf is no longer a chattel, like
but he is foreed to
remain on the plot of land which
he holds from his overlord, and
to hand over to the latter a fixed
portion of his product.

The smelting and working of
iron, together with the inven-
tion ‘of writing, had marked the
passage of society from barbar-
ism to civilization. Under feu-
dal society the iron plough and
the loom became . widespread,
agriculture and artisan handi-
crafts develop further.
“Peasant agriculture on a

of peasant serfs, '

of independent handicrafts ...
together form the basis of the
feudal mode of: production.”
(Capital, Vol. I, p: 367.)

Together with --the
servitude of vassal to overlord,

dividual
his

small. producer,
implements

owns
and tools,
ments of labor, And. among
ducers, exchange develops, the
social division of labor grows.

Reading: History of the
CPSU, pp. 123-125.

Chapter I and IX.

S. Ryerson: Prench!
Chepter VI.
Questions: :

1. What practical importance

society ?
2. How did slavery arise?

and the serf?

change of products begin?
(Next Chapter:
production).

2 « « Compliments... .

RICHARDS ee HASTINGS .
Vancouver,. B.C.

GREETINGS to
: P. A.

from

DR. W. J. CURRY

small scale, and the carrying on

recognized three.

Vikirg’s }*+

Lt.

mh

These iovely new coats are
dressmaker styles . . .

others fitted at
and «trimmed on
bushy bands of
Red Fox or Wolf.

waist
cuffs
Blue

ties -
with large
Silver Fox,

thru
Fall

$69.50
© $9950

FOUR WAYS TO BUY

winter.
shades.‘

to keep you
sizes. "in the

snug
newest

Orchestra. Hall is available for -Rent; 1—Pay Cash. 2—Charge
HA. 3277. » Account. 3—Lay-Away
S Hi Han Plan. 4— Budget Plan
roatian ali— in Accordance witb
Available for Dances, . Socials, Weddings, TERMS PTB. Regulations

Banquets, Meetings. Reasonable rates. 600
Campbell Avenue. HAst.. 0087.
Meetings—
Swedish Finnish Workers’ Club meets last
Friday every month, 7.30 “p.m.; Clinton
Hall.
WHAT’S DOING?
Whist Drive—
Every Wednesday at 8p-m., Hastings
Auditorium, 828 E. MHastings._ Auspices
Scandinavian’ Workers’ Club anid the
Swedish-Finnish Workers’ ~ Club. — Cash

prizes.

Refreshments. “Admission 25c.

THE CREDIT HOUSE OF QUALITY

.on your Winter Coat

designed in
some loose fitting
with belt
only
Fox,
Beautifully
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Au
Priced

ar & Stores” to.
“Serve You:

“TsATURD AY. NOVEMBER 10, 19

<

personal |
the peasant or artisan, the in-=-

his ;
implements and tools, his instru- :

these small-scale, individual pro-_

‘Engels: Origin of the Pamily:.
Private Property and the State...

Canada.

has the study of earlier social:
systems, that precede capitalist

3. What is the difference be-’
tween the position of ‘the slave
4. When and how did the ex-

Commodity :

Dr. R. Llewellyn, Douglas |

ied ivi il ed ieh dag ll cA a ellie Bl 8 be am tet iipens rtconen celal Tee

=
3

peat eul enayies