HE signing of the United Nations Charter by the re- ‘presentatives of fifty nations on June 26 at San Francisco “marks an historic milestone on the long and hard road to world Security. The signing of the Charter ‘was made possible by the forging of unity between ~ the -capitalist democracies and “the socialist Soviet Union at a “time of war, and especially by the unity of the Anglo-Soviet- American coalition, which com- bination comprises the over- whelming preponderance of mil- itary and industrial strength in “the world today. The meeting of the leaders of . the three great powers at Teh- “eran, the discussions at Dum- “barton Oaks and the meeting at Yalta prepared the’ ground- ._ work for the Charter. “There yvmay have, been differences of -opinion,. but. by getting togeth- er. and having discussion they -<-were able to eliminate many of the obstacles standing in the _., way. On the basis of that un- derstanding among the three, «despite the prophecies of pessi- ‘"mists and cynics, it was pos- “sible ‘to have the Charter sign- “ed at San Francisco: The main- tenance of that same form of ‘unity which made the signing of the charter possible is most :. important today. As President Truman said : _the other day, the battle for ‘peace will be more diffieult than the battles of the war. Understanding this, we appre- ciate. the responsibilities con- nected with that battle for peace, and we work toward an acceptance of those responsi- bilities. “At the present time attacks are being made upon the unity | of the Big Three. These at- “tacks are'aimed chiefly against the Soviet Union. It is obvious _ that with the end of the war, the enemies having been de- feated, certain forces are be- .gining to speak as though not Nazi Germany and Japan had been our enemies, but as if our enemy had been the Soviet peo- ple. We have had some ex- amples of this in the House. My wish would be that the repre- sentatives of the people might be more thoughtful of their responsibilities, when they speak as some have spoken in the house. > = May. I remind the House, particularly those hon. mem- bers of whom I have spoken, of some facts which must be “kept in mind by all. IT am not doing this to defend the people -: of the Soviet Union indeed they have shown that they can de- fend themselves. What I say i8 said.in the interests of Can- ada, because I believe that the attacks being made could lead to disastrous consequences, not for the people of the Soviet Union alone but for the peo- ple of Canada. While some speak without substantiation by way of docu- TheU nity of the sig Three by Fred Rose, M.P. Speech delivered by Fred Rese, MP, in the House of Commons, Friday, Oct 19. mentation, what I shall say is borne out by the report I hold in my hand respecting the comments of General Marshall. In this statement he said to the people of the United States: “This generation of Ameri- cans can still remember the black days of 1942--when the Japanese conquered all of Ma- laysia, occupied Burma, and threatened India while the Ger- man armies approached the Volga and the Suez. In those hours Germany and - Japan came so close to complete dom- ination.of the world that we do not. yet. realize how thin the thread: of allied survival had been’ stretched. ‘fn good conscience this na-. tion can take little credit, for. - its part in staving off disaster in those critical days. It‘is cer- tain that the refusal of the British and Russian peoples to accept what appeared to be in- evitable defeat was the great - factor in the salvage of. our civilization.” General Marshall gives de-- ‘tails of the various critical phases of the -war. This is what he says: “In the autumn of 1941 after the battle of Vyazma, the - Germans stood exhausted but apparently victorious before Moscow. According to Jodel the general staff of the armed forces considered that one last " energetic push would be suffi- cient “to finish the Soviets.” Buf these. Soviet people did not let themselves be finished off. They. fought back :from Moscow men, women and children in. what General Marshall describes as one of the coldest winters, and ach- ieved what he refers to as the turning point in the war. Then came the battle’ for Stalingrad; and here again I wish to quote General Mar- shall: “Even after the reverse be- fore Moscow in 1941, Germany might have avoided defeat had it not been for the campaign in 1942 which culminated in the disaster at Stalingrad.’ And again: “Hitler... personally plan- ‘ned and directed a campaign of which the immediate objec- tives were to deprive the So- viet Union of her vital indus- tries and raw materials by cut- ting the Volga at Stalingrad and seizing the Caucasian oii fields. Beyond these concrete objectives was evidently the Napoleonic dream of a econ- quest of the middle east and India by a gigantic double en- velopment with one pincer de- scending from. the Caucasus through Tiflis and the other from North Africa across Egypt, Palestine and the Arab- jan desert. The campaign col- lapsed before Stalingrad, with PAGE 14 — PACIFIC ADVOCATE the magnificent Russian de- fence of that city.” The Soviet people made these things possible for us at ter- rific expense to themselves, to their country and to their loved ones. I have here the official figures of the casualties. in this The killed, wounded and missing, exclusive of prisoners of war, are given as follows: war. é Soviet Russia _......2 21,000,000 United States Wu... 1,070,000 Yugoslavia _............. 1,685,000 Greece! 2.2. ~-700,000 The territory which the Nazis occupied in the Soviet Union had a prewar population of 88,000,000 people. Such ci- ties as Stalingrad, Sevastopol, ~ Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Smo- lensk, Kharkov and Rostov were practically demolished. But these were only part. A total of 1,710 towns and 70,000 vil- lages and hamlets were burned and destroyed, depriving 25,- 000,000 of shelter. ‘ The Nazis démolished 31,850. industrial enterprises -which had. employed - 4,000,000 work- ers. They destroyed over 40,000/ miles of railway ‘tracks and 4,100 railway stations. They , destroyed 40,000° schools:.and scientific research imstitutions, 43,000: public:- libraries;: -and they ransacked the:>country of hundreds. of billions: of “yubles worth of machinery, cattle, hogs, horses, sheep, etc. Mil- lions died of starvation. -Cer- tain newspaper men have re- ported that more than a mil- lion starved in Leningrad alone during the siege by Nazi Ger- many and Finland, that same little Finland, over which some people are so much concerned. While the Soviet people fought on in Europe, at the same time they forced the Ja- panese to keep what General Marshall termed the prime of the Japanese military power, the Kwantung, in Manchuria, where they could not be used against United States, British and Chinese troops. In fulfil- ment of an understanding with the allies, when the time came the Russian army marched in- to Manchuria and crushed that pride of Japanese militarism. The Soviet people were will- ing to collaborate to safeguard the peace before the war, but there ‘were many reactionary forces in various countries who in hatred of the socialist sys- tem were willing to finance and help Hitler. They said to Hitler, “Go east, young man.” Perhaps they did not say it in those words, but that was the orientation they wanted. Then we had the Munich pact. When negotiations were being car- ried on with the Soviet people before the war they were treat- ed as poor relations. As Lloyd George once said, a second-rate clerk was sent to negotiate with the Soviet Union, a man who had no power to sign anything. The Soviet people realized that they could not finda way of concluding a deal that would ‘have prevented war. Some people wanted the So- viet Union to step in and ac- . cept responsibility but not have the right to cross her own bor- ders at Poland. The Soviet peo- ple were not willing to do that. There are people today -who still want to treat the Soviet Union as a poor relation. They still seem to think they can tell off the Soviet Union ‘every time they feel like it. I remember the hon. member for Rosthern: (Mr. Tucker) saying that we had to. tell Molotov. I have no ! objection to his doing that, but how many times ~have people in the Soviet Union: said that they had to tell’ Mackenzie King ? : Suspicions are being aroused against the people of the. So- viet Union that are definitely undeserved, and without foun- dation. On:the basis of unfound- ed suspicions they are being: blamed for everything, and they are being attacked, by some in a direct manner, by some in an indirect manner, because in- “direct attacks appear much more skilful. ; @ E witnessed in this house last spring in the codirse of the debate on the San Fran- cisco Charter indirect attacks in the form of a supposed de- fence of the Polish people. I would say that those who. at- tacked the Soviet Union were not interested in the welfare of the Polish people; in fact they were the same ones who did not give a hoot when Hitler was - threatening the Poles, but now they have found a weapon against the Soviet Union and all of a sudden they become defenders of the Polish peo- ple. They are now very much disappointed, because the Pol- ish issue has been settled,-and settled to the satisfaction of all. So they have found a new issue, the Ukrainian issue. This is what we found at this session: the fact that there are Ukrainian people at the present time in western Europe is used as a means of attacking the Soviet Union. Who are those Ukrainians who are now in western Europe? The other day I saw an almanac published in the city of Lwow in 1944, when the Nazi force still controlled that city; it contained a pic- ture of Ukrainian S.S. forces who were part of Hitler’s $.S. forces. As the Red Army ap- proached, naturally these Uk- rainian S.S. forces went west- ward; they do not want to re- turn to meet the justice of the people; they, with others who supported Hitler, prefer to re- main’ in the west and receive the protection of the British and United States armies. They have committed crimes against their people, and, like every other Nazi supporter, they should pay for their crimes. Yet we are told the sad story in this House about the Ukrainian refugees. SATURDAY, NOVEMB! “yesterday supporte¢ jj ‘In -the same way > en the decoration | -general’ delivered ; | -and. Ukrainians 3 = > statusiquo, the ret @ “ will live.” The many amon have been misled ay couraged by peopk to- return to the Uk they need men to reconstruction of : | Poles are being en 4 reactionary pro-f: if not. to return to +] j although their co; 1% every hand that ca; pairing the devast was created by the, Too many of th cist elements havye2ii fluence in western] very close friend |; leading member of Progressive Part G. L. Caron, a de Joseph Louis } won the Polish Cro told me that when Haller of the Polis - ‘the presence of Ga | cers in which he? | “is one enemy, § Union.” The .count § erated. Poland! Too & with “anti-Sovietisn | are the ones who ] | in western Europ: — .duty in Canada ne | age them to’ leave | to encourage them <| to their countries : | construct them. ui -Then again in |} with anti-Sovietisr | the Balkan situat!_ generally raised as. \— slapping down Union. But before —} discuss the Balkay ~ like to remind he # that the.people of not fight for the nj er of those open + | and others who dice the period of Nazi These people fougl! |) ferent sort of regin |f heard a lot about t |— the Balkan count: have democractic Well, if people are. concerned .about regimes, seemingly {| their eyes only: wh { viet Union-is involv: iF ' uf iE 7 5 like to remind ther , millions of India old regime of Du tion? What about | thousands of peopl, who are being hek! i= tration camps, the "|| fought against while those who v J side of the Nazis ar § I have heard hol © quoting from th § Charter and I we — them of the folla — graph in that docu “They—” - That is, the Pres E United States and ister - Churchill. ““__respect the © 4 peoples to choose 7 government under That must inclu # ple, no matter whe % or or their race ny can not have one J¥ Europe and anoth: dreds of millions 0! ing in Asia. ® (Conclusion Ni