ussions . Unity = YORK—Two new rtant developments et ine ed mi rred in the Chinese PS — the announce- Ins: @ e Soviet-Chinese Pact iste. to? -ival of Mao Tse-tung, ue -ommunist leader, .1n et8. The U.S. is stand- Ms f Chinese reactionaries surrenderine Japanese— foroil America and the * Over Chinese questions enb back to power on the ef shrewd trading in the the Trades Union Congress. by Will Lawther, president mine nationalization. are: e ment and $35,000,000,000 a year to tribution profits, distribution. * in three months —even™ upplant the 14-year-old_ Mineworkers, and will present its conclusions to Emanuel Shinwell, Minister of Fuel and Power in the new Labor government, for incorporation in a parliamentary bill for The alternatives being considered by the committee That a technical commission assess the value of each mine and recommend a purchase price to the govern- That the industry receive an annual, block grant of 3 1/2 percent on the present capital invested. The lat- ter plan, although more costly, is expected to be adopted, since an assessment of each mine would take too long. It is estimated that about $1,000,000,000 is now invested in the mines, which would mean_a grant of profits on production alone are now estimated at $5 1,- 000,000 a year and they face an additional loss in dis- since the government will also take over The Committee is chaired of the National Union of coal owners: Mine owners’ boarded the Spanish ship which is on its way to- Buenos Aires, ‘and disclosed that the ship is teeming with fascists from both countries. Among those on the ship were Spanish journal- ists being sent to Buenos Aires on an official mission and a priest named Carlos Vicuna, who opeh- ly boasted that during Franco’s siege of Madrid he belonged to the clandestine fifth-column or- ganization. Maria Cardona, a Falangist agent of Argentine citizenship, told the newspaper Diretrizes that “Franco is not concerned about Europe, which has too many bosses. The future of Spain Africa. A few days after the ship arrived here, a Portugese citizen named Acacio Strich Rib- eiro, who came to Brazil on board the same ship in 1944, was arrested in this city on charges of pro-Axis espionage. According to Rio de Janeiro newspapers, spy organizations continue’ to funetion in Spain and Portugal. The Falangists concentrate on Argentina and the representa- tives of Salazar’s corporate Portugese regime on Brazil. The presence of two more of Salazar’s agents in Brazil has aiso been reported. One of them, Rogerio Oliveira Silva, bears a special message from Portugese President Antonio Carmona. to the Portugese in Brazil. He ar- rived on the “Cabo de Buena © situation, have received ic setback, = Esperanza.” The other is Jose Osorio Oliveira, editor of the ‘iC ADVOCATE — PAGE 9 Brazil Papers Disclose Fascist Penetration RIO DE JANEIRO—Continued penetration of Span- ish Falangists and Portugese fascists into Latin America was revealed by Brazilian newspapers this week after reporters “Cabo de Buena Esperanza,’ is in Latin America, as well as} magazine Atlantico, who said he came to Brazil to strengthen re- lations between it and Portugal. Commenting editorially, the newspaper Folha Carioca ob- serves that “Portugal and Spain are the only European countries which still preserve Nazi-fascist remnants.” Diretrizes states that Salazar’s agents “attempt to sell the story that real democracy is practiced in Portugal, not in the United States or Russia. The bogey of Russian communism is the preferred weapon of the Portugese agents.” The appearance in this city of a former leader of Brazil’s out- lawed fascist Integralistas, Zef- erino Contrucci, is also causing considerable comment. Construc- ci was tried for participation in the abortive Integralista coup d’etat in 1988 and has now come from Portugal reportedly as an envoy of exiled Integralista lead- er Plinio, Salgado to contact Integralistas in Brazil. Observing that “the emergence of Contrucci is surrounded by an impenetrable “mystery” and that he “pretends to be operating in real estate,’ ’the newspaper O Journal stated that “attempts of the Integralistas to reorganize coincide with his arrival one raonth ago.” The Committee. of Anti-Fascist Portugese in Brazil has repeatedly demanded that Salazar’s regime be accorded the same treatment as Franco’s, and that the Potsdam condemnation of Franco be extended to the Portugest regime as well. NAPLES—From the air, strips of turned land, combed Even wide-blown dustings of yellowish earth in the crevices of the hilltops bear the marks of labor with the ploughshare and the handspade, where pitiful attempts have been made to ex- tract_ bread from stone. But this year, not only the stones, but even the fertile valleys and plains have failed to give their yield of bread. Drought has withered the roots of entire crops. South Italy has barely given back the weight of seed planted in the spring sowings. Up north the situation is some- what better but even there cereal crops are estimated to be 85 percent below normal. Italy faces a hungry winter. And Ital- jan democracy, laboring to rebuild itself out of the debris of fas- cism, faces the supreme test of whether it can give not only free speech, free elections and a free press, but whether it can fill the hungry stomachs of its people. In the northern industries, Unionists Graduate From Soviet College MOSCOW — The trade union college of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of the USSR this week graduated 285 students, most of whom were ac- tive trade unionists who dis- tinguished themselves during the war. Students completed courses in political economy, wage ques- tions, social Insurance, labor safety and educational and org- anizational problems of the trade union movement. Miners Back WETU PARIS—The Miners Interna- ‘tional Federation has approved the draft constitution of the World Federation of Trade Unions, including those statutes limiting the independence of trade secretariats on matters of general policy. M. V. Duguet of France was elected as its dele- gate to the world labor confer- ence here next month. The action twas taken at a meeting of the MIF here earlier this month, at- tended by delegates from 10 countries. The conference also ‘appointed a delegation to visit German coal areas to help form a democratic miners’ trade union. For the first time, delegates from subject countries were pres- ent at the conference. Following a report by S. A. Dange, vice- president of the All-India Trades Union Congress, on conditions of Indian miners, the conference unanimously declared itself “ereatly concerned at the condi- tions of labor of Indian miners” affirmed ‘‘its. solidarity with the Indian miners in their efforts to ireprove conditions and build up a strong trade union movement.” Europe is so cultivated as Italy. Threat Of Hungry Winter Poses Urgent Tasks For TUC Commission Studies Nationalization Of Mines LONDON—Concrete plans for the nationalization of Britain’s coal mines are now being considered by a com- mittee composed of representatives of the Labor party and Italian People Industrial North Still Under Control Of AMG it seems that no country in The squares and oblong by the plough, are so flush with each other as not to waste a single inch of earth. where the partisans earned the unstinted praise of Allied mili- tary commanders for their strug- gles against the fascist forces, there are 2,000,000 unemployed. Factories saved from destruc- tion by the action of the anti- fascist forces and the speed of the Allied advance in the later stages of the war—are idle for lack of raw materials and coal. For the time being the unem- ployed workers continue to be gaid 75 percent of their former wages, but unemployment relief at this bankrupting scale can hardly continue much beyond September. When the Italian government of Premier Ferruccio Parri takes over full administration of north Italy from the Allied Military Government in the coming months, it will inherit the colos- sal problem of feeding and find- ing work for the politically conscious populations of Turin, Milan, Genoa and other industrial cities. : I have just journeyed through Greece and France, not former enemy nations but liberated al- lies. I have discovered that in this problem of re-establishing democracy in Europe there are no frontiers or separate categor- ies. In Italy as in Greece and France there are only variations of the same European problem: whether democracy is to. be given a chance to live or go down for a second and perhaps last time in an explosion of angry disillusion- ment. Conservatives have failed, or feared, to understand that the significance ‘of the resistance movements in Europe was that the common people every- where, including Britain, saw the war not only as a fight against the Axis powers but as a war against fascism and for the establishment of a democ- racy where freedom from want would have at least an equal place with the other freedoms. The war has overthrown fas- cism, which in Italy was the ruling power, and the mon- archy and Italian capitalism have been at least morally overthrown. They now lean only on the support they are hoping to get from Britain or the U-S. Italy can only make amends in her status as a former enemy country if her own economy gets going and if reconstruction is directed as part of a wider plan of European reconstruction, to which Italy must pay a share. This is how Italian democratic leaders to whom I spoke saw the problem. The Italian government is at the moment powerless to begin reconstruction. The indus- trial north, the real heart of the country from where the demo- cratic forces derive their strength, is stiJl under the AMG which frankly does not relish the idea of cooperation with anti- tascists. SATURDAY, SEPT. 8, 1945