‘Dp Y now Americans know
something of the young
men and women of France’s
Tesistance movement —— the
youngsters who took to the
hills and fought, who were
couriers and leaflet distibut-
Ors, saboteurs and guerillas.
Our soldiers met them. We
have seen their pictures.

Far less is known of the
Young Communists who led in
those five long years of strug-
gle. The Young Comunists of
France can show you a iong,
sorrowful list of their mar-
tyrs—young heroes like Dani-
elle Casanova and Guy Mo-
quet. But they can also show
you the results of their sacri-
fice: “unity of 95 percent of
the younger generation in a
“clearing-house,” the “Patriotic
Union of Organizations of
Youth (UPOJ); and formation
of a powerful ‘new anti-fascist
membiership organization
which replaces the Communist
Youth Federation.

@

ITHIN the broad youth unity
unity of unprecedented
scope, represented by the
UPOJ, the new UJRF under-
takes special responsibilitied.
It takes the lead in the mani-_
fold activities necessary for
France’s rebirth and for the
- education and welfare of young
people. Here are some of the
tasks undertaken, as outlined
at the aster Congres:
1. “Servir.” Under the gen-

Anti-Fascist Youth In France

By Helen Simon

eral heading—To Serve—cam-
paigns were mapped to help
put devastated France on the
road to a democratic and happy
future.

This» means strengthening
the “Civic Service” youth teams
‘which undertake special tasks:
(a) for reconstruction (like re-
building blasted railway bridges
on free Sundays): >) for alle-
viation of sufferings (like cut-
ting firewod for war widows
and maimed veterans): (c) for
production (young workers
compete for the honor of re-
pairing machinery, producing
more effectively, etc.)

._The Congres similarly called
for all-out support to the na-
tional centers for ‘pre-military
training now. being organized
by the UPOJ. Dril, sports and
other activities are undertaken
so that French-youth may be
‘fully prepared to defend their
land.

2. Special youth demands.
These include complete re-
modelling of apprenticeship

schools; the right to vote for
all ex-combatants and young
people of 18; respect for the
non-clerical character of French
education which was abrogated
by Vichy and is still menaced
by reaction; long term loans

for young peasant couples to
start out farming; increase
scholarships. etc.

8. Demonstrations to demand.

execution of al traitors includ-
ing Petain. Defense of all de-
mocratie rights for which so
many young people fought and
died. in the last years.

A. Unity The Congress called
for full support of the UPOJ.
In organizing the UJREF’s im-
mediate campaigns (punish-
ment of traitors. increased
food rations, apprenticeship
opportunities for all, 18-year-
old. vote, secular-education) the
executive committee expressed
its certainty that resistance
organizations, including the

Young Socialists, would fight

at its side.

The constitution of the UJRF
outlines these rights and dut-
ies of membership: ‘Each club
member has the right to ex-
press his opinion on all prob-
lems, formulate criticisms and
proposals with the aim of bet-
tering and developing our or-
ganization. He can write to or
meet with any leading com-
mittee, including the national
executive, who must reply to
him.

“It is the member’s duty to
be, both inside and ‘outside the

Saga Of The Ur als By Lera Danilova

If at some railroad

junction where railroads from the

Urals converge, we should throw open the doors of all the

box cars going to the west, w

What would’ make it so in-
teresting would not be so
much the quantity of -war
cargo going to the front as its
variety. You will see freight
which once used to be brought
to the Urals and Siberia and
which is now shipped from
there.

Here is a westbound train,
for example, loaded with three
ton trucks which came off the.
assembly line in the Soviet
Union’s youngest automobile
factory. The plant was built
recently in the southern Urals,
in places where squads of gold
seekers once washed the gold
dust in the brooks among thick
forests. The first foundation
stone was laid in the winter
when the Germans were near
Moscow and the first truck
left the gates in the days
when the Red Army was ad-

‘vancing Victoriously through
Biélorussia and and the Bal-
tices in the summer of last
year.

The history of this plant ‘is
the history of the marvelous
labor heroism of the workers.
The Ural winter is exception-
ally severe. It gets as cold as
40 degrees below zero and
more. It has been known to
happen that sparrows that
ventured too far from their
nests, fell to the earth frozen.
In weather of that kind the
excavator is unable to cut
through the hard earth, .con-
crete pouring becomes a diffi-
cult problem and work in the
open requires exceptional en-
durance. To give one a good
idea of what the builders. were
up against it should be added
that owing to wartime trans-
portation difficulties they were

PACIFIC ADVOCATE — PAGE 10

e should see much of interest.

obliged to use whatever build-
ing material. they found at

hand.
_ In order to put the plant
into. operation on _time, the

builders heated the frozen soil
and liquid concrete with an

electric current. Engineers and |

workers assembled the “ma-
chines in the shops even- be-
fore there were roofs. In some
instances the assembly work-
ers .completed their job five
days after the
workers had left the shop.

And now in a valley at the
foothills of the southern: Urals
a new plant is turning out
high-grade machinery.

The Chelyabinsk Metallurgi-
cal Plant in southern Urals is

another war time development.

Here in one year two powerful
blast furnaces and two coke
batteries sprang into exist.
ence on a bare lot. The Chely-
abinsk plant is famous for its
electro-steel smelting shop, the
largest in the country. Cur-
rently the first section of the
Chelybinsk Iron and _ Steel
plants is working at full ca-
pacity but construction is still
going on. The site covers 4
huge. area of 1200 hectares. A
sudden devastating explosion
raises 10-20 thousand  eubic
metres of earth. A railway line
and fine roads cross the plant
from all directions. This plant
is called the second Magnito-
gorsk. One can imagine what
it will be like when it is com-
pleted.

The Urals contain fabulous
wealth. In many places its re-
sources have already been
placed at the service of the
front. Coal has also been
found in the Urals, among

last building”

other places in the

forests. Blasting began as soon
as the forest was cleared. In-
stead of sinking shafts it was
decided to remove the upper
layer of soil covering the coal
seam. In Korking the coal is
not extracted by miners but
by excavators. Powerful ma-
chines break through the lay-
ers, transfer the black lumps
to transporters and the latter
load them straight onto ears,
a method that has proved to
be very efficient.

Korking.

organization, Jan example of
honesty, hard work, devotion to
the cause of youth and of
France. In the shops, mines,
apprenticeship courses, in fac-
tories he tries’ to become the
best worker or technician; in
school he must be the best stu-
dent to become the doctor, pro-
fessor, scholar which France
needs to assure her greatness;
on the farms he tries to in tro-
duce more modern methods; in
the army, where he is the most
disciplined, anxious to learn the
use of arms, he must,try to be
most capable and_ beloved.’
The long-term perspective of
young members of the UJRF
was expressed by Raymond
Guyot, former president of the
Communist Youth who was un-
animously elected president of
the UJRF. In his closing speech
at the Congress, Guyot said:
“We want,to build a new
world . ..a world of liberty
which knows no exploitation
of man by man... The lead-
.erg§hip of the ne wFrance)
‘can come only from the la-

boring classes, from the
French people”
Leo Figueres, elected to

UJRF’s secretariat of four, ex-
plaining the need tq transform
the Communist Youth, said:
“Tt still is too much like a
little political party of young
people,

“The leaders of the Commun-
ist Party, following the teach-
ings of Lenin and Stalin,” he
added, “have never ceased to
assert that one should not
create organizations reserved
for Communists who are young
in age.

Se

“If young fellows and girls :
feel that they are Commun-

ists, and if they are ready ~

to assume all the duties and
responsibilities this requires,
they can find their place
within the Communist Party
which organizes men and wo-

Inen, young and o

“Thus the most 7
task of Young Comm:
to work to bring 4
all their progressive
erty-loving brothers
great Mass Organizat
to fight by their side,
1o be the best fig}
order to merit thei;
dence.”’

The UJRF Congress
the Communist Party ¢
which “has always £0
youth on: the correct ro
Congress thanked the ]
having ‘‘opened its ran
youth,” and pledged to
to the Party “new your

“who will draw from

teachings of Marxis;
ism-Stalinism, teaching
will help them to lead f
to victory and happine

And Maurice Thorez,
secretary of the Party,
assembled youth delega

“The Young Commun
be an example in his
life, his work, his poli
tivity. He must Is
struggle against a
weakening of moral st
—one of the cnoseqie
the disorder, the cenfy
things and thoughts c:
by the Hitlerites’ and g
by the Munichites and
ites.” :

e
HOREZ scored the
contend that- Gon

underestimate the imi
of spiritual values a
“As if Marx had no
us that ideas become
terial force only when th
hold of the masses,” !
claimed. ;
“That is why we pays
attention to the probli
teaching in general, and
question of the theoreti
velopment of Young Ge
ists in particular”
“Learn, learn and
learn,” he advised the.
people. “Learn in boi
courses, schools. Learn ;
learn by acting. Life /
greatest of books. Leg.
act, developing your a
having the courage ne
only to know what r
done, but to do it, co:
may.’’ 4

3

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