THE PEOPLE Page Five peeches That Make From A\n Article By resident Michael Kalinin §\ HIS speeches on the war, my. He called upon them to Hlize and reorganize their work h war footings, to do away with easy going attitude. He urged a to clear their ranks of whimp- S and cowards, panic-mongers deserters. He exhorted them fe dauntless in struggle and to t selflessly in the patriotic war liberation: hen the Soviet Union was first ded the enemy’s crimes = not- widely known. Then, e it was still not clear to all the enemy was waging a war the extermination of Soviet ure and of the Soviet people, in exposed te enemy’s aims, his acds of waging war. He point ‘ut the necessity for organizing Tilla detachments and Sabotage ips in enemy-occupied areas to inue the struggle against the ists and make conditions un- able for them. \day, when the atrocities being etrated by the enemy against Civil population have revealed Ss true light the bestial face of enemy, the ranks of the guer- 5 are swollen by additional wesands of the people's aveng- ready for any sacrifice to de- 7 the invaders. alin pointed out then that with- val of the Red Army was forced he initial advantages Germany ed through its sudden and sherous attack in violation of pact with the USSR signed in ie vertheless, during its ‘with- ral the Red Army succeeded in ashing up many crack German ions, Provine that WHitler’s £S can and will be smashed all the fascist propaganda © the ‘invincibility’ of German i Se PRAISING the international situation arising from the Of The USSR Premier Joseph Stalin has out- a lined with perfect clarity the paths of struggle against Ger- an fascism. These are historic speeches, not only in the sense t they are documents, but because of their influence on the viet people and the Red Army. "|| Speaking to the Soviet people on July 3, 1941, eleven days sr the German invasion of the USSR, Stalin told them they é facing a cruel and ruthless: questions he raised, definite and clear-cut in his explanation of their meaning. His explanation of the reasons which led to conclusion of the non- aggression pact between the USSR and Germany, his estimate of Ger- man fascist ageression and the idea that in this great war of lib- eration the Soviet people would merge their struggle with those of the peoples of Europe and Amer- ica, for their independence and for their democratic liberties, against enslavement and the threat of en- slavement on the part of Hitler’s fascist armies; his idea of the in- fluence which the political factor would exert on military operations, were founded on profound Marxist- Leninist principles and will be in- cluded in textbooks for Marxist Study of world politics. On November 6, 1941, when Stalin spolke on the occasion of the 24th anniversary of the October Revolution, the danger to the Soviet Union, far from having dim- inished, had increased. The German command was pre- Paring to drive against Moscow. So great was the confidence of the fascists in their victory that Hitler had already fixed the date for the conference of his vassals in Moscow. At that moment, Stalin's vigorous speech, filled with confidence in the strength of the USSR and Calling for the defeat of Hitler's hordes, had the effect of doubling the energy of the people, of im= measurably strengthening the for- titude of the Red Army, of increas- ing its offensive ardor. The fascist army was badly bat- tered near Moscow and Hitler had to convene the conference of his vassals in Vienna. N THIS anniversary speech, Stalin made a brilliant analysis of the basic reasons for failure of Germany's blitzkriez against the USSR. . istory First, the Germans had antici- pated that they would again suc- ceed in using the bogey of revolu- tion to frighten the European and American countries into a coalition directed against the USSR. Seeond, they had calculated on instability of the Soviet system. They thought their attack would lead to conflict between worlers and peasants, would give rise to strife between the peoples of the USSR and consequently to the dis- integration of the country, facilitat ing the advance of their armies. They confidently expected to push as far as the Urals. But once again the Germans miscalculated. Reverses suffered by the Red Army resulted in still greater unity of workers and peas- ants and further cemented the friendship of the peoples of the USSR. Stalin correctly observed at that time: “The fact that the Soviet system has so easily withstood these trials and has consolidated still more its rear, proves that the Soviet system is today a strong system.” Finally, the German invaders, obviously basing their caleulations on information provided by their Secret agents, counted on the weakness of the Red Army and Navy. But there too they mis- calculated. Retreating, the Red Army fought furiously for every line and in- flicted serious blows on the enemy. Moreover, the characteristic fea- ture was that while retreating the Red Army gained in strength, improved its organization and enhanced its fortitude. The Red Army's morale grew stronger with development of mil- itary operations. In contrast, the German army’s morale was hope- lessly deteriorating even during its suecesses in offensive action. The German fascists’ unjust, pre- datory war, which calls for enor- mous Sacrifice and has aroused the hatred of the population in the occupied regions, cannot but accel- “It is fortunate for Russia to have this great rugged war chief at the head of her agony. Stalin is a massive and strong personality, suitable to the story of the times in which he has lived. He is a man of inex- haustible courage and will- power, a man direct and blunt in speech. ... Above all Stalin is a man with that saving sense of humor which is of high im- ,any kind.” | Winston Churchill. portance to all men in all na- tions and particularly great men and great leaders. Stalin also left upon me the impres- sion of deep cool wisdom and complete absence of illusion of — Prime Minister erate the deterioration of the Hit- ler’s armies regardless of the brutal enforcement of discipline in the German army. Summing up, Stalin said, “There can be no doubt that all these factors taken together predeter- mined the inevitable collapse of the blitzkrieg in the east, WELLING on the Red Army’s temporary reverses, Stalin singled out two basic reasons for these. The first was the absence of a second front in Burope against Germany. He stressed the fact that the German high command was not obliged to divide its forces and, having no fear of the prospect of a two-front war, was enabled to con- eentrate its own and its allied armies against the USSR. The Soviet Union, he pointed out, was waging a war of liberation single- handed, without military help from anyone, against the combined forces of fascist Germany and her vassals — the Finns, Rumanians, Italians, Hungarians. The second reason given by Stalin for the Red Army’s tempor- ary reverses was the shortage in tanks and to a lesser degree in aireraft. = In that speech, Stalin, in laconic and striking words, stripped the fascist gane of its cloak of nation- alism and socialism. While the Hit- lerites were engaged in uniting the German territories, they could to Some extent be called nationalists. Today, however, when German fascism has enslaved the majority of the peoples of Europe and is (Continued on Page 6)