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January 5, 1940

THE

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Page Three

Natural Resources
Mainly Controlled
By Foreign Interests

NEW YORK, NY .—Practically

all of Finland’s important

forest, mines, land and water power resources are held in the
financial srip of Wall Street and City of London brokers, a

survey by Labor
War

propaganda about Finland’s
heavy Wall Street investments in the

Research Association reveals.

‘Independence’ masks
Helsinki sovernment.

The independence of the Finnish nation has been mortgaged
to important groups of British and American banking interests
through dealings with the Industrial Mortgage Bank of Finland,
of which the present Helsinki premier, Risto Ryti, is chairman.

Stake of Londen, Wall Street and Stockholm investors in
the Helsinki government is estimated at more than $200,000,000,
of which $32,000,000 is in outstanding Finnish government bonds

G@wned by private investors in thee

Umited States. Morgan banking in-
terests have ben Branted the Fin-
nish telephone properties by the
Ryti bankers, has heavy invest
ia@ents in Finlanr‘s mines in the
Worth.

Basis for Wall Streets support
of the Helsiniki war program
against the USSR is detailed in
the Labor Research survey below.

Finland pborrowed from other
countmes, including the United
States, Britain and Sweden, dur-
ing the years 1920-38. a total of
Over ten billion finmarks, or about
$202,052.200 (49 finmarks — $1).
@hese loans to the Finnish fovern-
ment did not include short-term
sovernment borrowings, corporate
deans Gr direct investments in Fin-
AISh corporations.

an 3939 there was a further in-
crease in Finland’s foreign indebt-
€dness “due to the necessity of fin-
aneims the cost of armaments as
well as other capital e=penditure”
(New York Herald-Tribune, Sept.
3, 1939). Sweden extended to its
neighbor another loan “ for national
defence” On Dec. 9 the US
through Reconstruction Finance
Corporation and E=port-import
Bank, announced a credit of $10,
000,000 to Finland for so-called non-
military supplies.

american loans to Finland total-
ling $32,100.000, are still not as
large as those made by Britain,
where, since 1932, $50,000,000 has
been subscribed to Finnish loans.

im addition to these sovernment
bends are the direct investments
and corporate ioans in Finland
taken by citizens of the US, Britain
and other countries. One important
investment company is the indus-
trial Mortgage Bank of Finland, in
which Americans have a stake of
312,000,000 and British investors
about $5,000,000.

Established in 1924 “to grant
mortgage loans to industrial en-
terprizes up to 30 percent of the
appraised value of real estate,
Sround, forests, water power and
factory buildings in Finland,’ this
bank issues mortgage bonds by
Sale through Hambros Bank, Lid.,
London, and J. Henry Schroeder
and company.

British and American inves-
ters who hkhelid these bonds thus
have a lien on Finland’s most
important resources—land and
forests, that yield her main ¢éex-
ports of forest products, timber,
paper and pulp. Britain takes
more than half of Finland’s ex-
ports of sawed timber, plywood,
matches, mechanical pulp and
cardboard, while more than a
third (37 percent) of Finnish ex-
ports of newsprint paper comes
te the United States.

Finland’s telephone system
Owned and operated by I.. M. Eric-
sson Company, which bought out
the Hinnish telephone company in

L This is allied with the (Mor-
International Telephone and
- Pelesraph Corporation.

@iniand’s civil aviation was es-

@d in cooperation with the

h A B. Aerotransport.

_ in miming, the Finnish state

“signed a contract in 1934 with
the Mond Nickel company of

Canada. Mond established a Fin-
nish subsidiary, Petsamon Nik-
keli O/¥, to develop nickel mines
On which it had expended before
Dee. 1, 1939, more than 345,000-
000. E

Fimland’s insurance system
under the powerful Prudential As-
surance Go., Lid., of London, band-
ling general insurance of all kinds
and owrine a direct controlling in-
terest in Finland’s main insurance
company.

American corporations with bran-

is

is

vestments valued at $1,643,000, ac-
“cording to US department of com-
“™Meree. Four of these firms are in
Manufacturing, four in distribution,
and five were miscellaneous.

One of thes firms is the Ford
company of Finland, established in
41926, with manufacturing and sell-
ing Tights in Finland and Estonia.
dt reported net profits to about
$130,000 in 1938 and paid dividends
G£ 410 percent on its Stock.

With foreign interests having so
arse a Stake in Finland’s basic
mMStmies, if is mot surprising to
4d i3 American investment bank-
©Ens seekin= ‘relief for the Manner-
Geim-Ryti sovernment. These bank
ers are described (New York Times,
tec. 9) as havine= had “close busi-
Ress dealings with Finland and
it= Prime Minister, Risto Ryti,”
SGvernor of the Bank of Finland,
Which dominates the financial af-

Finnish
Democracy
[lusory

University Study
Shows Terrerism
Of Fascist Lapua

NEW YORK, NY. — Three
big lies are spurring the cap-
italist press in its efforts to dis-
tort the Finnish issue. These
are: 1) the alleged bombings;
2) the notion that no designs
on the Soviet Union were ever
nourished from Finnish soil;
3) the idea that Finland is a
peaceful, united, democratic
little country, noted for ski-
jumping, diademnic lakes and
consumers’ cooperatives.

These are all untrue. Particular-
ly untrue is the third, as shown by
a study made in 1931 for the Unit-
€d States Foreign Policy Associa-
tion by Malbone Grahame, profes-
sor of political science at Univer-
sity of California.

Grahame’s study showed how
stormy Finnish politics have al-
ways been, even after 18,000 work
ers were killed in Mannerheim’s
war and tyo invasions of Soviet
Karelia attempted in 1919 and
1921-22.

The Communist party was sup-
pressed, supposedly for an abortive
uprising in 1923. Tt continued leg-
ality for seven years under the
ame Socialist Labor party. By
1929, it had twenty-three seats in
the Diet; that year it polled a vote
of 128,164 out of 4 total of 947,529.
This unusual proportion is empha-
sized when it is considered that
the Social Democrats polled 260,-

five other parties.
EFASCIST TERROR.

In the middle of 1929, 4 fascist
movement called ‘Tapua’ develor-
ed, subsidized by bie industrialists
and lumber barons. Uniting with a
sert of Finnish Christian Front,

the Suomen Lukko, this movement

Swept in from the country de-
Mmanding that ‘Reds’ be ousted
from the unions and factories.

Lapua attacked Left newspapers,
kidnapped Severnment officials,
ran riot over Finland.

EKyosti Kallio, the Agrarian mil-
lionaire, was then premier; his
cabinet retreated before the vigi-
jantes without appeasing them. To-
gether with the Social Democrats
he was forced out of office when
on July 7, 1930, twelve thousand
Lapuans marched on Helsinki.

President Relander expressed
Seneral approval of their actions.
General Mannerheim Bave them
his benediction. The cabinet was
revised to include Strong national-—
ists and extra-parliamentary lead-
ers.

For three years Lapua ran rough-
shod over the nation. Even Social
Democrats and Agrarians got it in
the neck.

V2aina Hakkila, the Socialist, was
kidnapped; Kallio himself was
Slated for murder but his two as-
Sassins got cold feet and killea
themselves. The League for the
Rights of Man was harassed. Sil-
lenpaa, winner of the 1939 Wobel
Prize for literature, narrowly es-
Caped assassination.

Dead Communists were thrown
across the Harelian border; oth-
ers were found in newly-dug
raves in Sweden. Boycotts were
organized against Soviet goods
and marches attempted on the
border.

Kidnapping of exPresident
Stahlberg, Progressive leader oc-
cupying a position like the pre-
imperialist-war FDR, outraged the
country. Lapua claimed “it was
Striving ta strengthen religion and
Patriotism,’ that it “was acting as
a forepost against the danger upon
Western civilization threatenins
from the East’

To Mark Anniversary

Milk Drivers and Dairy Employ-
€es* union, organized 25 years ago,
will celebrate the anniversary with
a banquet and dance in Hotel Vane

fairs of Finland.

conver on Heb, 15.

‘British, US Banks Have $200,000,000 Stake In Finl

and

Behind The Maske Of Fennéisihe ‘Democracy’

By
NEW YORK, NY.

Stockholm. However, the Finnish
sovernment of bankers and shop-
keepers would arranse that once
in the country he would stay there
long enough to be sold somethings.
This was done by monkeyine with
train schedules so that wherever
you were going, you had a four
or five hour stop in Helsinski_.

You went from Leningrad in a
big, fast train with cars a third
wider than the American standard
sauge. In less than an hour you
were over the border transferring
to toy trains on the Finnish fauge
at a place called “White Tsland’
on both sides of the border.

Such unanimity on the name of
a border town is rare in Europe,
where borders are not imaginary
lines but usually barbed wire en-
tanglements, With trenches back
of them and artillery emplace-
ments nearby. Even in those days
the Finns boasted their artillery
cGuld wreck Leningrad, without
moving forward a centimeter.

There were no Finns around ex
cept soldiers and station employes.
They seldom are in Finnish raij-
Way Stations, because the country
wants to make 4 §0od impression
on travelers and a ragged or hun-
Sry Finnish 2g1icultural worker
wouldn’t. Especially at the first
Station west of the Soviet border,
the traveler would be allowed to
see ne one but Finnish kulaks
and merchants’ Sons, mainly in
uniform, well-fed and clean.

You don’t see many peasant
huts as you travel leisurely to-
ward Helsinsld. Phey are not
allowed to be built close to the
main railway line, or were not
in these years.

Your train pulled into Heisinski
eventually and you still did not
See any working class Part of
town.

You were invited by alEsorts of
free literature, Chamber of com-
merce style, that the Finnish £ov—
ernment gave you in any language
On the train, to admire the sta-

204; the rest were divided among,

tion and the center of the city.
if you tried to trespass out ox
the centre of the City into one of
the worling class Slums a po-
liceman would turm you back,
politely but firmly. They want
€d you to see the centre of the
city.
TRADE WiTH BRITAIN :

The center of town is fine, if
undistinguished. There iS an ini
Posing area of Swanky shops,
where you can buy British tweeds,
household equipment, knick
ikmaclks and haberdashery, almost
as good and at half the price as
in England itself. Finland was
the dumping ground of British
manufactures. One-third of Fin-
land’s foreign trade (see the
World’s Almanac of 1939 for Proof)
was with Britain.

The literature you got on the
train encouraged you to buy
things.

It also told you to be sure and
See the flower market. The mar-

ket was in a big square, and
ladies’ maids and gentlemen
friends in British tweeds came

here to buy imported flowers. The
market was usually kept open as

long as the train stayed in Hel-
sinsikzi.

Tourists Saw Cities, But

I always used to try to get to
the docks, but I never did. Some
Cop always showed up, who per-
Sistently misunderstood me and
gently and politely led me to the
market instead.

There is no question that Finns,
like Everybody else, preferred
meat to fish, but they couldn’t
afford meat unless they were co-
operative managers or the agents
for some British firm.

Unlike its American counter
part, the Finnish chamber of com-
merce crowd was anxious to show
off cooperatives. They told you
there were 60,000 of them. And
in these co-ops, so you were 2ladly
informed, there were 800,000 mem-
bers,

And probably you were im-
pressed. Delegations of American
trade union 6fficials have been
enthused.

You got clear out of Finland and
read statistics Showing that al-
though 60 percent of Finiand’s
wholesale trade was in the Lands
of the co-ops, only 25 percent of
the retail trade was Co-operative,
or you had a Finnish friend who
Jet you into the secret before you
know there was Something hay-
wire about the Co-ops.

‘CO-OPERATIVES’

The friend would explain it.
Finnish CO-Ops are just corpora-—
tions with a duplicate meniber—
Ship. For example, the kulale
farmer will belong to one that
sells his lumber, another that seils
the knives and beadwork bis ex
ploited agricultural servants make
in their spare time, another that
Sells his grain, another that sells
his wood, and so on.

He will also belong to consum-=
ers’ co-ops, that buy his farm
implements, his fertilizer, and the
food of his laborers.

And he may buy shares in co-
ops that sell things he neither has
nor wants. The laborer may be
forced to buy a share in the co-op
that sells him his food or elothes.
though he doesn’t buy much of
either.

In other words: most Finnish
Co-Ops are just joint stock com-
Panies in which the rich farmer
business man or the merchant in
tthe city invests his Surplus capi-
tal. Really big business is fener
ally owned by foreign capital,
usually British or Swedish, and
the Swedish firms are controlled
by British bankers.

You will ask: But what about
the common people? What about
the nine-tenths of the rural popu-
lation that doesn’t own any land?
What about the factory laborers?

When you ask those questions,
unless you have 4 friend from one
of those classes, your Finnish in_
formant simply goes dumb. He
Can’t understand gs word. The
Great Stone Face which his ex
pression much resembles, is a
spoutins fountain of eloquence in
comparison.

From indirection, in smuggled
Ways, you may learn something
about the really brave parts of
‘Brave Little Filand” You may
jearn of half-starved labor in the
country estates, which in spite
of laws that prohibit organiza-
tion and striking has dared re
peatedly to organize and strike.
The Lapuua, or Finnish agri-

Many Fled 1918 White Terror

day will soon come when the flagz
of the peoples government of dem_
ocratic Minland will wave over the
capitol in Helsinki as a sign that
the Finnish people have finally
freed themselves of those who Oop-
pressed them and were ready to
plunge them into war against the
Soviet people, not in the interests
of the Finnish people, but in the
interests of the Finnish bourgeoisie
and the imperialist powers.’

Finns In West
Support Soviets

ASTORIA, Ore. — The Western
district committee of the Finnish
Workers Federation,
and cultural organization of Amer-
icans of Finnish origin or descent,

rer in 1918, has issued a warning
to Americans against the attempt
te embroil the US in the Huropean
War over the ‘moral issue’ of Fin-
land.

in a statement issued from its
West Coast headquarters the com-
mittee declared “the peace of Am-
erica is again at stake and our
duty as Americans is to keep out
of war.”

Phe committee's statement sum-
med up the record of the activities
of the Mannerheim government
Since its inception and pointed out

that “year in and year out Bunland

Finnish Workers In US
Greet People’s Gov't

NEW YORK, NY.—Executive committee of the Finnish
Workers’ Federation, one of the largest organizations in the US,
with locals throughout the country, has sent greetings to the
Finnish people’s government headed by O. V. Kuusinen.

The message expresses “hope the?

educational ;

many of whom fled the White ter- |!

has harbored the enemies of the
Soviet Union and has served as a
base for attacks on Soviet terri-
tory.””

It accused the Mannerheim re-
Sime of refusing to negotiate with
the USSR in launching war in the
hope that the great powers would
Come into the struggle.

The statement recorded estab-
lishment of the democratic Peo-
ple’s Republic of Finland, and list-
ed the nine planks in the program
of this new government.

“This declaration,” the commit-
tee Commented, “states the needs
ef the people and pledges that
common ,ordinary folks are to be
Siven first consideration. Truly,
‘the meek shall inherit the earth,’
but they'll have to work together
to Keep it.”

“We, as Americans and Finns,”
the statement added, “have the
deepest sympathy for the people of
Finland, but we are confident that
they will determine the outcome
of this struggle in the interests of
the common people rather than in
the interests of the British and
American bankers.

“Many of our people were forced
to flee from Finland to escape the
Tsarist terror or the mass mur-
ders of General Mannerheim. They
Came to America searching for
freedom and democracy . The
peace of America is asain at stake
and our duty as Americans is to
keep America out of war!”

Not Slums Or Backwoods

cultural fascist party, 2 kind of
Associated Farmers, used to
hunt them down with high-
Power rifles and shoot them lile
beasts of the chase after every
Such strike was broken.

And if you were lucky, you
sometimes heard of one of the
outlaw rebels against the Gom-
pers-Green type of reactionary
laber union that was finally al-
lowed existence in Finland. Usu-
ally you heard he had been black
listed and starved to death.

Or you heard or tread in the
foreign press of 4 Speech by some
members of the Finnish Commu-
nists, illegal for the last 20 years,
but still stubbornly holding out,
ana, it was said, SroOwing in num-
bers,

As a little lesson to these, the
Finnish government has a nice
statue in that part of town the
traveler is allowed to see. It is a

Statue of a German soldier, grate—
fully dedicated to the 30,000
. troops of the Kaiser who helped
shoot, stab and hang 15,000 prison-
ers, Red Finns, in the days when
General ‘Butcher’ WMannerheim
was making himself regent of
Finland, The hansman’s noose has
never been idle in Finland, ever
since that day
Now the bulk of Finnish masses
live in the backwoods. They don’t
vote much, for Finnish democracy
is for the upper classes. They
don’t read much, because the only.
Papers they can get are fascist.
They don’t listen to the radio,
because they are too poor to own
radios. Maybe half of them didn’t
even know there was a Finnish-—
Russian ‘incident’ until they heard
the sound of firins
But I know the new Finnish

People’s Democratic sovernment

at Terijoki will have their sup-

port.

several years ago urged a Con-
gressional investigation of the
fisheries to bring to light whole-
Sale evasion of fishing regula-
tions and other abuses endanger-
ing the great resource.

Delegates were outspoken in con-
demmnation of the bureaun’s oper—
ation which, if unrestrained,
threatened to deplete the salmon
runs.

The Maritime Federation of the
Pacific has repeatedly brought to
light instances of violation and
urged steps to halt the Plunder as
a first step in safeguarding the
fisheries.

Although the operation of the
fisheries bureau has been an open
scandal in the North Pacific, pack—
ers here expressed surprise when
informed of Secretary Ickes’ allega-
tions.

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US Government Probes
Bureau Of Fisheries

By ELLEN MacGRATH

SEATTLE, Wash—A federal probe of the US bureau of
fisheries has been quietly under way,
of irregularities were made by Secretary of the Interior Harold
L. Ickes, who said he would withhold citation of instances pend-
ing a final report by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

An all-Alaska labor conference az
Victor Elfendahl, vice-presi-

it is learned here. Charges

dent of Alaska Packing company,
Haakon 3B. Friele, vice-president
and general manager of the Wakat
Packing corporation and Capt. FF.
Svensson, manager of the packing
repartment of Libby, McNeil and
Libby discounted reports of irregu-
larities in operation of the bureau.

A long range conservation pro-
Sram for the fisheries bureau was
Submitted at the recent convention
of the International Fishermen and
Allied Workers of America in
Bellingham, Wash.

A seven-point program over a
five-year period was proposed.
While the cost of the Program was
about a million and a quarter dol-
lars, its proponents declared this
sum would be returned many times
Over in a replenished supply of fish
and stabilization of the industry.

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