April 14, 1939

Prairies Rise In Protest Against Sixty- Cent Wheat

Page Four THE PEHEOPLE’S ADVOCATE

CARIBOO GOLD |New Gov’t Minimum Price Seen As | ce, nee | ASKS LIFTING :
SEEKERS WARNED Big Danger To Canadian Economy || Loses Out ||OF TOLL DURING | |:

OF CONDITIONS

‘Get-Rich-Quick’
Days Are No More;
Capital Needed

WINNIPEG, Man.—A rising wave of protest is sweeping Western Canada against the pro-
posal to lower the guaranteed price for wheat from 80 to 60 cents a bushel for No. 1 Northern
at Fort William.

A whole people is aroused at the threat to western economy. Farmers, merchants, urban and

rural residents in all three prairie provinces are uniting in the demand for retention of the 80-
cent minimum.

ROYAL VISIT

Surrey Councillor E
Wants Fraser Bridge ©
Free For May 31 i

in Ballot

Growers Block
Miove to Scuttle

: The issue is commanding more
Special to the Advocate

) support than any similar one? Central Selling NEW WESTMINSTER, Apr LE
oxtivn tet’, REEVES SEEK 2 "==" CIVIC HOLIDAY rea
Workers intending to come Enormous pressure is heing put Special to the Advocate McPherson, Minister of Public ©
into the Cariboo in the hopes on Liberal MP’s in the West to KELOWNA, BC, April 13—The Works, to declare a toll-free |
of “striking it rich” are warned figbt against the 60-cent level. The Ss pridawaatinr p ee holiday on the Pattullo Bridge |
not to attempt it unless they the areas Spee ae ie tributors or ponizetiong, Have es during the royal visit was pro:
are fitted with a knowledge of! ey, WESTMINSTER, April 13.| movement, and petitions are being | . CUMBERLAND, BC—City Coun-) the first round in their fight tested this week by Councillor >
the country and have the ne- See ee one Sree Boe rapidly circulated in every city, cil bee Sad ores a resolution. re-| against the central selling cheme | Thomas Binnie of Surrey. ;

s Qo relief, educa-— . = questing e epartment o du- 4
eesseiny equipment together] tion costs and hospital charges for ees eae ce pad ear cue bout ai | cation ito desiars: May ia public Wee Brower. The Surrey councillor had recom-({
with a substantial grubstake,|1939 will be sought by a deleza-|~ «we feel that if 60 cents is <oi holiday and voted $25 for the en_| . Lis is the consensus of opin- |mended the suspension of tolls on: a4
by old-time prospectors here. | tion before May 15—the date when |i, fe the guaranteed Se i= Soe tertainment of the children on this | 102 ere following last week’s-| the bridge for May 31 at a meet" =

the municipalities must set their] gon Gancast a 2 Ds ae OS | Seeyaie cla yee day. smashing vote favoring produ- |ing held here last week to make™ =
Fantastic stories of rich indivi-| tax rate—the annual meeting of Ina iG » ae oa o take tt Aldermen Robertson and Taylor cer control’ in which growers | arrangements tor the toun oa f
dual strikes, and the glorifying of | the Fraser Valley Reeves Associa-— = oe doses Jobo! uel | hol attended te Nias. Day pho rolled up an 89.3 percentage in |to allow residents and their chil
usnecessary feats of endurance] tion decided last weekend. wee eed areas = 5 mittee meetings, introduced the favor of central selling and | dren on the south side of the Pra- =
and suffering which are all part Cooperation of the Union of BC | gent wheat in Sse eS 60- Hesolution ib the counen x aeicsae snowed under appeals of a group |ser River the opportunity to see |
of the “get rich appeal,” have left | Municipalities will be asked by the nee fe isan tion will discuss the question with OE eset oreetass SIN EONS TO | ee oe ce j

their trail of misery, discourage-
ment and degeneration through-
eut the Cariboo.

The history of the Cariboo shows
it to be a gold producing country
and on this all other occupations
such as farming, business and
public works depend. This calis
for 2 strict examination of the
conditions in and around gold pro-
duction.

There is gold in the Cariboo but
it is farther afield and requires the
type of prospector who is accus-
temed to or willing to spend his
time actively and intelligently in
the hills. Bars and benches of any
real workable value within reason-
able reach are practically non-
existent today.

Gredits or the opportunities to
work were comparatively easy 2
few years ago because the chances
of finding gold were much great-
er, but that is all changed now and
demands of the prospector a lar-
ger outlay in the initial expense
and a grubstake large enough to
tide him over until his find starts
producing, if at all.

A brief was presented to Louis
TeBourdais, MLA, by Art Knox,
jocal labor man, seeking some as-
sistance through the provision of
other work for the bar and bench
miners during the period of high
water—June to August.

reeves association.

Reeves Alex Patterson, John
Hunter, Solomon Mussalem and
Alex Hope were designated by the
meeting to draft a plan of the
municipalities situation for the
delesation to present to the goy-
ernment.

The meeting also recorded its
support for lower street lighting
charges by the BC Electric as pro-
posed by Reeve R. GC MacDonald
of Coquitlam. An application to
the Public Utilities Commission
will be made with this end in view.

The reeves elected Reeve Solo-
mon Mussalem of Maple Ridge as
president and Harry Davenport,
Maple Ridge municipal clerk, as
secretary for 1939.

No Tax Boost

PRINCE GEORGE, BC, April
13—Eistimates approvedby the City
Gouncil here do not indicate any
increase in the tax rate for 1939
which is now at 65 mills.

A street surfacing program this
year will cost $2000 which is ex-
pected to be met from current
revenues.

Construction of a public recrea-
tion building this year at a cost of
$12,000 and waterworks improve-
ments at $25,000 will increase the
city’s debt but is not expected to
place any undue strain on re

venues...

insult to the farmers,” stated Hon.
D. B. Mullen, Alberta Minister
Agriculture.

“& worse condition of an al-
ready chaotic plight The agri-
cultural problem will affect other
branches of industry and other
parts of the Dominion,’ was the
comment of George Bickerton, pre-
sident of the United Farmers of
Canada, who expressed the opin-
ion that a farm strike would re-
sult. “Because of the failure of the
government to adequately protect
the farming industry and the
people employed in that industry, I
propose that the entire machinery
in the line of elevators and storage
space be fully utilizzed for the pur-
pose of indeznitely holding wheat
from the market until such time
as the cost of production is guar-
anteed.”’

Observers pointed out that the
60-cent minimum actually meant
that the farmer would receive a
maximum of 43 cents on the farm
if the grade is Wo. 1 Northern
Average grade in Saskatchewan is
Wo. 3, it was pointed out, which
would create an average price in
that province of 36 cents a bushel.

of

OTTAWA, Ont.—Preliminary fig-
ures released here this week by
Hon. Norman Rogers, Minister of
Labor, shows 1,012,000 people
throughout Canada in receipt of
relief for the month of Pebruary.
This is an imerease over January.

the Hon. G. M. Weir, Minister of
Education, when it goes to Vic-
toria on matters of school finances.

Mayor Maxwell indicated that a
public meeting might be called to
find out if the citizens would be in
favor of cancelling the May 24 cele-
brations in view of the royal visit,
and if this was decided then the
celebrations could probably be ar-
ranged for May Day.

The May Day committee is plan-
ning to make this year’s celebra-
tions outshine all previous ones.
Keynote of the 1938 labor, day cele-
brations was unity as expressed by
Colin Cameron, and Harold Winch,
CCF MILA’s, and Tom Ewen, rep-
resentative of the Communist
Party.

Union Library
Reports Progress

CLOVERDALE, BC, April 13.—
Robert Jenks was re-elected chair-—
man of the Surrey District Council
of the Fraser Valley Union Library
at the annual meeting in the Mun-
icipal Hall here, while Mrs. Lashley
Hall was appointed delegate to the
Gentral Council.

Regional Librarian A. K. Mor-
rison reported an increase in the
number using the library and in
many eases school libraries had
been started which relieved conges-
tion at the van stops.

Heredity And Mental Disorders

By J. B.S.

BOUT one person in two hundred in England is certified
as a mental defective, or sent to a special school, and a
good many more could be certified under the existing ‘enw.

A few of these people are i

doing any but the most mechanical work, and idiots who cannot

even speak or dress themselves

rather slow and stupid, can learn a trade, and would be useful
members of society where there was oek for all.

Some children are labelled as
defectives merely because they
cannot learn to read. This is cer-
tainly a handicap but such people
may be very able in other ways.
Claude Gelee, a great i7th cen-
tury French painter, was a “de
fective” of this kind. However,
when all allowances are made,
there are plenty of genuine -de-
fectives.

Now some people say that if
everyone was put in a proper en-
vironment there would be nc
mental defect. Others put it down
to heredity, and say that if all
mental defectives were stopped
from breeding the condition could
be almost wiped out. The most
scientifie study of the question
so far made is that of Dr. Pen-
rose, who examined 1,280 defec-
tives in an institution at Colches-

ter , and collected information
about 29,000 of their relatives.
e

HE first point which comes
out of his work is that it is
as silly to talk about the cause
of mental defect as about the
eause of blindness. The eye can
go wrong for hundreds of differ-
ent reasons, and the brain, which
is much more complicated than
the eye, for thousands.
Some of the mental defect was
caused by injury at birth or blows

HALDANE ro

imbeciles who are incapable of

Fr

But many of them, though

on the head in early childhood.
These cases could have been
largely prevented by proper care.
Others were due to congenital
syphilis, that is to say infection
before birth. This again can be
prevented by medical treatment
of the mother.

Still others were caused by
childhood illnesses such as men-
ingitis, which are harder to pre-
vent. There were several cretins,
that is to say dwarfs who would
have been nearly if not quite nor-
mal if their condition had been
found out soon after birth and
treated by feeding an extract of
the thyroid gland.

Others again were emotionally
abnormal. They had been unable
to learn at school because of ab-
normal feelings rather than weak
intellect. Many of these children
would have been normal in bet-
ter homes, and many could have
been cured by psychological me-
thods as children.

Some, on the other hand, would
probably have become defectives

however well they were cared
for.
e
TILI, others suffered from a

disease called mongoloid im-
becility. This is due to bad con-
ditions before birth, and is mostly
found in children of old mothers.

The average age of mothers of
these children is about forty.
economic conditions allowed
early marriage we could have all
the children needed to keep up
the population and yet far fewer
of these defectives would be born.

By postponing marriages the
Means Fest not only causes un-
happiness but actual mental de-
fect.

e

OWEVER, all these cases only
make up about a quarter

of the total. What about the
rest? Are they due to heredity?
Certainly not in the ordinary
sense of the word. Only about
eight per cent of these defectives
had a mentally defective parent,

However in some other cases
heredity is at work. Epilepsy is
sometimes inherited, though it
may be due to injury. And the
child of an epileptic who is not
feeble-minded may be so itself.
There are also several diseases
due to single genes which cause
the formation of tumors. These
may be in the skin, heart, and
other organs, and if so they do
not affect the mind. But in the
brain they may cause mental de-
fect. The few thousand people
who suffer from these diseases
certainly should not have chil-
dren.

A good many other cases are
due to hidden genes. Both par-
ents may be normal, but carry
a gene for a small head or some
other abnormality. And if a child
gets such a gene from both par-
ents, it will be defective. Wone
of the parents of the small-
headed idiots who made up two
per cent of Penrose’s cases had

It*

o

small heads themselves or were
mental defectives. Until we can
discover a method of detecting
hidden genes there is no way of
stopping the birth of such chil-
dren, though a few less would be
born if the marriage of cousins
were discouraged.

)

HUS sterilization would not go

far to prevent the birth of de-
fectives. If every defective in
the country had been sterilized
in the last generation, only eight
per cent of Penrose’s patients
would not have been born. Even
if all dull and backward people
had undergone this fate, three
quarters would have remained.

The demand for sterilization 1S
based on economic, not on biolo—
gical grounds. I quite agree that
genuine mental defectives should
not “breed. Whether or not they
transmit their defect, they cannot
give their children a satisfactory
home. Most of them are far hap-
pier in institutions than outside.

But they cost about $5 per weel:

each, roughly half of which comes
out of taxes. It is argued that
this money could be saved if
they were sterilized and then
turned loose.

Now if there was work for
everyone, this would be a fairly
good argument. But as things
are, if they get work at all it is
unskilled work at very low wages.
And they cannot defend them-
selves against exploitation by em-
ployers.

So sterilization of all defectives

would do only a little to prevent |

mental defect, and quite as much
to increase unemployment and to
lower wages.

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SBeUVeVVVwVsxseVswe VEY se svse=Esvs=s

STEAM BATHS

vote the scheme down.

When the ballot among the
growers was announced by the
BC Fruit Growers’ Association,
both the United Distributors and
the British Columbia Fruit Ship-
pers addressed open letters to
the press and all growers ex
pressing: opposition.

Last week’s vote was sufficient
answer, however, and observers
here are now wondering what
new plan the distributors will
hatch out in an attempt to block
the growers’ attempts to bring
control of fruit sales into their
own hands.

Two courses appear to present
themselves to growers. On the
one hand, they can accept the
vote as a mandate to completely
ignore shippers from now on and
go ahead with their plans. The
other course is to continue to
cooperate with the shippers.

The former course appears to
be the logical next step.

Binnie was indignant at the at
titude of the public works minis-
ter in refusing this request, which
he said was a shortsighted policy
as most of the toli collectors are
returned men who would like to.
have the day off to join their bat
talions in welcoming the King.

Dia ba Naes

“The government is spending a
great deal of taxpayers money to
make the royal visit a success, the
Surrey councillor pointed out, but
it is also barring 2500 Surrey school

children and the United States citi-
zens from getting a glimpse of the
royal party by keeping tolls on the
bridge.

“All IT ask of Mr. MacPherson is
to make May 31 a toll-free day soa
that some of our residents who
have never seen royalty may have
an opportunity of doing so,” said
the councillor.

Rea Paseiaacame
ph iety

‘a

NO

TaN,

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