eye Pie sili ue

bhi SE ae He,

INTIMIDATION SEEN IN TRIAL OF STRIKERS

POLICE ARREST DEFENCE WITNESSES |

Strength of the People ||

Over the long borders of the Soviet Union the Red Army maintains
its ceaseless watch, ever alert for fascist-provoked “incidents,” such as
the Japanese attempt toe invade Soviet territory on the Manchukuo
border this week—an attempt frustrated by the sterm action taken by
the Soviets which foreed Japan to back down. Above, Red Army
officers are seen swimming a river in Far Eastern manoeuvres and,
below, Red Army soldiers practice the highly-developed Soviet mili-
tary tactic of descent behind the enemy’s lines by parachute.

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THE

PEOPLES
ADVOCATE

British Columbia’s Progressive Home Paper

VANCOUVER, B.C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 5, 1938

(This ts

the Peoples Advocate and the Daily Clarion,

Officers Who Once
Fought Red Army
Studying at Yenan

; the second of three articles written eaclusively for

Toronto. The

first article appeared last weelc).

By DR. NORMAN BETHUNE

ENAN,

YENAN, CHINA

in northern Shensi, is a small town,

cupped in the hills which rise, bare and tree-
less, from the edge of its ancient walls. The normal

population is less than ten thousand.

It is a poor

town—the surroundings country barely supporting
the scattered peasants who till, with incredible toil,
its hard, brown, steep slopes and narrow valleys.
On the hill tops are the remains of temples.

From .my cave, as I write this, I can see across the roofs of
the city to the opposite hill, on which stands a Buddhist temple,
stranded in time and space, significant, in both its decay and its
isolation (was its decay due to its isolation?) of that out-moded

religion.

Yet this poor region, one of the poorest in China, has be-
come for millions the most important area in the whole of this
vast land. To thousands of students it is the Mecca of their
dreams, to millions of oppressed peasants and workers it rep-
resents the hope for a new and better life. Yenan, in miniature,
is the future China—young, eager, brave and gay.

IT have seen hundreds of other young boys not yet old enough to

towns and cities in China before
I came here, and what I -noticed
was that this town is the most
cheerful, the cleanest, the busiest,
the poorest I have ever been in.
I believe it is the only city in
China without beggars.

It is the only city in this north-
ern area of Shensi and the vicin-
ity of the front without wounded
soldiers hobbling about the streets
or sitting mournfully on the stones

nursing their bandaged hands and

arms. It has street lights (the
lamps are taken in during the
day) and traffic cops. It has more
latrines to the block than cities
ten times its size. The streets are
Swept every morning.

It is gay with banners and
posters. The news bulletins are up

to date—not only, as in other
towns, chronicling fhe Chinese
war, but describing events in

America and Burope.

Wall Papers

Outside the class rooms of the
University are the wall news-
papers drawings, poems, criti-
cism and comments.

The students are everywhere—
girls in their teens, gay or serious,
strolls hand in hand down the
street, dressed in the faded blue
cotton trousers and jacket, cap
and belt of the army.

Mixed with them are the vet-
erans from the front in their
patched padded winter uniforms,
the officials of the government in
their darker blue, the burnt-faced
mule drivers, the pale-faced shop-
keepers, the “little red devils” (an
affectionate term given those

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join the army who are employed
to carry messages).

#rom the play grounds come
the shouts of basketball players,
from the parade grounds the fierce
yells of the recruits practicing
the “Big Sword” or bayonet drill.

Everybody is busy. Eiverybody
laughs a great deal. At any time
of the day and up to ten at night,
one can hear mass singing coming
from some classroom or meeting
ground, rising up in a great wave
of sound, fierce, brave, and free.
And over all shines down the hot
sun in a cloudless sky.

So what does it matter that
there was only mille and carrots
for lunch and the same for din-
ner, too? What does it matter that
they get one dollar a month allow-
amce, that they sleep ten in a
eave on a hard brick kong, that
they get up at six in the morning
and study all day long, with only
Saturday off to see their friends,
that there are no movies to go
to, and only candles to read by?
Why, it doesn’t matter at all.

They didn’t come to this Univer-

Sity to play. There is work to be

done, there is an enemy to be
fought, there is a country to be
saved. Their lives now have a

purpose, a Significance they never
had before. And in the light of
that purpose, their lives become
good, and fine and free, and
everything else is nothing. The
faces of the young are not made
for disguise. The faces of these
Students show they are happy and
content. They, and they alone, are
the hope of China.

AT

Heads
Mission

DR. N. BETHUNE

Canadian surgeon, who won
world fame as head of the Can-
adian medical unit in Spain,
now with the American Medical
Mission in China.

Strategy Taught

In the Military Faculty of the
University are taught the subjects
in which the Bighth Route Army
is uNiversally acknowledged to be
the master, namely, guerrilla war-
fare, night fighting, armed organ-
ization of partisan detachments,
hand to hand fighting.

Other subjects are
strategy, topography,
and anti-airplane defence,
construction.

This department has various
Srades of students. All the soldiers

tactics,
anti-tank
trench

are officers, ranging from com-
pany commanders to generals in
charge of divisions. To look at

them it is difficult toe tell which
is which. Both are dressed in the
Same faded many-times washed
blue uniform. None of them wear
any distinctive badges of rank.

4 None are called captain, or major,

or general—all call each other by
the same name of “comrade.”

One does not salute an office.
because he is an officer. Private
soldiers salute each other in the
Same way as they salute an officer
—as a Sign of comradely greeting.
All look astonishingly young.

That one over there, whom you
might think was a boy of 20, is
a famous regimental commander,
with eight years of constant,
active service behind him. He has
been wounded four times. His
regiment in the past has defeated
the best troops of the Koumintange
Army.

Sitting beside him is an immacu-

lately dressed officer in Khaki. He
is a graduate of the Wangpu
Military Academy. He knows a

great deal about tanks and aiz-
Planes, but not much about suer-
villa warfare. That is why he is
here.

And while he is here he will
learm something about imperialism
in general, about political econ-
omy, about social science. When
he leaves and goes back to the
Central Army he will have a clear-
er insight into the meaning of the
United Front and the purposes of
these serious, determined men and
women called by some “‘the hops
and salvation of China.’”’

(Continued on page 6)
See BETHUNE

ompany
aid Real

rosecutor

‘A Monstrous Piece of
Political Persecution’
States Counsel For
Defense

‘LAWS FLOUTED’

By JACK WILSON

“The real prosecutor in this
trial is the Pacific Lime com-
pany of New York,’ declared
Garfield King, defense coun-
sel, in district police court last
Friday during trial of 13 men
arrested July 20, following a
police-provoked fracas at the

government dock, Blubber Bay,
BC, where union employees of
Pacific Lime have been on strike
for several weeks.

King’s accusation was made
aiter five defense witnesses had
testified on behalf ef Henry
(Blondie) Coleborn. Before Kins
could rise to plead for acquittal
Magistrate Fillmore stated, “IT am
amply satisfied of the guilt of this
man, the evidence is clear in my
mind.”

Pacific Lime company had flout-
ed the laws of Canada, King con-
tended, referring to the arbitra-
tion award the company refused
to accept, and had hired scabs
with the aid of provincial police.

Coleborn was sentenced to -30
days in Oakalla without option of
fine.

Bolice activities in attempting
to break the strike were brought
forcibly to publie attention
when Hans Peterson, defense
witmess, Was arrested outside
the courtroom on a charge us
obstructing police at Blubber
Bay.

A warrant was also out for the
arrest of Mrs. Jean Hole, wife of
John Hole, secretary of the Blub-
ber Bay local of the Interna-
tional Woodworkers’ Union. When
Magistrate Fillmore ruled that no
arrests could be made in the
courtroom Mrs. Hole refused to
leave at noon recess, later sur-

rendered to police on King’s ad-~

vice and was admitted to $100 bail.

John Hole was found guilty of
“technical obstruction” and fineu
$20 or 20 days.iThe fine was paid.

Hfole’s evidence was that he had
tried to shield his wife after she
had been struck by Constable
Campbell. He declared that Camp-
bell had pushed two men on Mrs.
Hiole’s stomach, causing a hemor

rhage.

Campbell shouted, “Get Blondi=
and Mrs. Hole and to hell with
the rest,” Hole testified.

Provincial Police Constable Ray-
mond HEillis looked very zoons.:
after Garfield King had put him
through adroit cross-examination.

Hang asked Hillis if he saw or
heard anything and what his rea-—
Son was for going on the dock, if
mot to arrest some one.

Ellis replied that he had not
seen or heard anything and that
he had gone on the dock to hold
the crowd back.

“Then why did you swear out a
warrant for the arrest of Seive
wright?” demanded Kins HEllis
looked amazed.

“This is a monstrous piece of
political persecution,” charged
King. “Here we have a police
officer who saw and heard noth-
ing, yet he swears out a warrant
for the arrest of Keith Seive-
wright.”

Aequitted during the day's ses—
sions were Sam Hoy, Jack Whalen
and Robert Gardner.

Wick Chow, Lim Chung, Yim
Kee, Clarence ROSS, Charles
Kongsley, Keith Seivewright and

Hians Peterson were admitted to
$100 bail, their trial being ad-
journed to this Friday.

Crown Prosecutor Harry Colgan
Sought to have charges against
Yim Kee, Ross and Kingsley
amended to the more _ serious
charges of assaulting a police of-
ficer, carrying a two-year maxi-
mum sentence. Mapistarte Fill-
more however, doubted his author-
ity to order this and adjournment

was agreed.

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