RECENTLY ¥ WAS asked to 1% nswer four questions concern- , a heated argument on at The questions were those I eee” ed to answer in my book, frédity and Politics which, al- eae does go into greater de- ail. The first of the questions is: “Is the shape of the Negro’s that of the Neanderthal man. . than is that of the white-races?” Neanderthal man is the name ee races which have been ex- ct for nearly a hundred thou- ee They used tools and Bot ut did not produce any art, a ar as we know, and were rath- ~ more ape-like than modern Man, | _The first point to make is. that the white “races” have very dif- erent skull shapes. fee example, Swedes ‘and Sici- cs mostly have long and nar- : heads, while Swiss have ‘Short and broad ones, and there ave intermediates of all grades. The dark races of Africa are qually different, though round- Mee. races of Negro are rarer han round-headed Europeans. . _We certainly cannot speak of “the Skull shape of Negroes. Neanderthal men had _ large fads, but they were flat. The foreheads sloped back and there Were huge bony ridges over the eyes, - Negroes, perhaps, “ yesemble them in having broad noses, but this almost certainly is an adap-. Citation to a warm climate. The _ air entering the. lungs is more Hs - Cfficiently warmed when ee nose is narrow, g + Australian blacks have skulls Which resemble the Neanderthal People to a slight degree. The African Negroes have not, though one can pick out Negr oes or white men with receding foreheads. It is worth pointing out that in One respect at least the Negroes — . “he human races. ing Negroes. “in order to settlé#wkeast hair. 4 Bupestsei: i racial . t y,” as my inquirer put, though it is out of date in several Skull more closely similar to * _ 8Siven to a group of human or sub- | Four questions on Neg are about the least “ape- -like. of | They ee the If™is also worth noting Dare win’s remark: “It is impossible to see a Negrio and not fee] kind- ly, towards him.” pK * HER ae ~~ “Is the LQ. of the average” Negro lower than that of \the average white? If so, is there © amy connection between ~ this. and the bape of his skull?” The answer is that practically nothing is known about the “in- telligence sunray of African peoples. A lot has een done with ‘American Negroes, who, of course | mostly have some white ancestry. Their average intelligence quo- tient is well below that of whites. Fortunately, Wwe know pretty well why this is 50.. _ Several mil- lion American army ‘recruits, were given intelligence tests in 1917. In each state the whites did hets ter than the Negroes. ’ But the Negroes in the north- ern states did about as well as the whites in the southern ones and, for example, the Negroes of Ohio beat the whites of Arkan- sas. The differences between Neg- roes and whites are of the same sort as those between whites who have had ‘poor opportunities Of - education and those who have had good onés.: On a West Indian Sand: where a number of poor whites lived in much the same conditions as Ne- gives, Davenport and Steggerda found that each race did better, “on ‘an average, on some tests. There is every reason to think that most of the differences found are due to upbringing. But ity is quite ‘jikely that if white and ea children were. brought up n the same orphanage, the Neg- roes might turn out a little better “on the average, in tests involving music, and a little worse in those involving mathematics. Unfor- tunately nobody has tried the ex- periment. : ve Skull shape (apart from ext- remes due to disease) is quite AAD Deadline: | PHONE: MARINE 5288 "December 16th INSERT YOUR XMAS GREETINGS : im the Pacitic Tribune ‘SPECIAL RATES: $2.00 — $3.00 — $5.00 INDIVIDUAL NAMES — $1.00 EACH 650 HOWE ST. > a : pie . "send in. your. order "early. {SUM ME ee nes oe naa ag : subscription — each to: ton, Send Your Friends a Progressive Present Special Combination Xmas Offer 1-Year Subscription to The, Laber Monthly and it 1 Yeur Subscription to. the Pacif Tribune. - BOTH for $4.00 Cards will be sent to all Gift Subscriptions. with the compliments of the sender. 2 Please send Labor Monthly and the Pacific ! 7 unconnected with among Europeans, and if there are any differences in average in- tellectual capacity (that is to say, . intellectual performance in the same’ environment) between whites and Negroes, «it is most “unlikely that they have anything to do. with skull shape. “Is there a scientific basis for the color bar, in that the colored races (and particularly the Negroes) are of inferior _ stock to the whites?” What is an inferior stock? Seven hundred years ago the Moorish writer Said, of Toledo, wrote of the French, English and other tribes living north of the Pyrenees: stature and of a white‘color, But ‘they lack all sharpness of wit and penetration of intellect.” At the time when he wrote, trigonometry was taught in To- ae but in Oxford the course geometry stopped at the propo- sition that the two angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal, while a king who could sign his name was called Beau- clere. So Said had as good a case for regarding our ancestors as an “inferior stock” as we have for so regarding Negroes. ° There is, however, probably a case for regarding Negroes as an inferior stock in special circum- stances. They are well adapted to their own climate and fairly resistant to its diseases. But they are particularly liable to a variety of ANCEL the RENT INCREASE © ‘ \ os ‘Must the chitdten pay for Ottawa's cruelty in tues milk, pide: ‘ Christmas toys, greater overcrowding? ‘ == =) — (= ES ' 2] —— = intelligence’ “They are of great: Give your children a real Sas Gift by compelling _ Ottawa to cancel the rent ‘increase—at once! INSERTED BY “STRAIGHT Goops’’ Ps progressive prasdleact heard over CJAV_ Port Alberni every Mon- day - 7.05 p.m. e roes and heredity lung diseases in the British or similar climates. . . > : There is just as good a reason, however, for regarding whites as an “inferior stock” in West Af- rica. White men die there in con- ditions under which most Ne- groes survive. . It must be remembered in this connection that the South Afui- can Negroes are so different ra- cially from the West Africans that some anthropologists call ‘them negroids. They are probably adapted to the climate of the country in which they live, possibly better © so than the whites. * * * “IS THERE any evidence for- saying that the Negro races will never (or not within, say, the next two thousand years) be able to equal the intellectual — ‘achievements of. the whites, as- suming they are not/denied fa- cilities for doing so?” My answer is, “Read the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle,” of which you can get a translation in the Ev- eryman series. Read out a page of this book, substituting Kavir- ondo for Kent, Mere Mere for Mercia, and so on. You will find that ,Offa and Penda were as bloodthirsty ruffians as Dingaan or Moselikatse, though to find the equal of Chaka you would perhaps have to choose Hitler. When you have read your pap- ev, ask your opponent whether he thinks that within a thousand years these bloodthirsty savages “could produce some of the world’s \ = Fhe St Laurent government ordered an increase in rent without consulting the provinces or Parliament! Be Four ‘million. Canadians were given this cruel blow a month before the Christmas festival! ‘ So such for the Liberal Party’s fine election promises about Gar housing! *S, ~ How can woodworkers pay such rent increases? How” can employees of other industries whose wage scale is. ail UB after the lumber. industry pay such. increases? ANSWER NO! Demand of your MP’ s and local councils that: they go on record : now for cancelling the increase. — a es oS oo John ‘L. Gibson, M.P., House of Commons, Ottawa, Ont. ~ Ripe I urge you immediately to fight to! Cancel the Rent Increase and remove this cruel hardship Be millions at. Canadian families. Clip out this message and send. it (no Postage! - needed) to John L. Gibson, M.P. SS SS Sa SSS eS SS SS 730 > J. B. 8S. HALDANE ‘ . finest literature and architecture, and within thirteen hundred some of the world’s greatest science, I see no reason why the Negroes should not surpass our achieve- ments within a few centuries. They have remained backward for a variety of reasons. One is the great difficulty of communi- cations in a continent most of which is covered by deserts or by tropical forest. Another is the frequency of chronic diseases which do not kill quickly, but may make a whole people ‘into invalids. When these and other difficul- ties are overcome, we do not know what the Africans will do for mankind. Whether their contributions to civilization will be as great as those of Europe and. Asia no .one can says Ns But I am pretty sure that eco will be substantial. Sell » = 4 5 —! a Nee -. PACIFIC TRIBUNE — DECEMBER 2, 1949 — PAGE 11 Se SS SSS D > ——~ “rae