The Omineca Miner PUBLISHED BVERY SATURDAY AT HAZELTON, THE CENTER OF THE GREAT OMINECA DISTRICT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, A. R. Macdonald, Publisher and Proprietor. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Canada and British Possessions, Two Dollars a year; Foreign, Three Dollars a year, ADVERTISING RATES: Gazette rates. Display, $2.60 per inch per month; Notices, 20 cents per tine for each ingertion. Reading Legal notices inyerted at B, C. Vou. JH. ‘SaTurnay, AuGusT 16,, 1914,. No, 50. The utterances of Sir Richard McBride are always worthy of serious attention, and the people of British Columbia may well heed the premier’s remarks in a recent pronouncement concerning pres- ent conditions in the province, as affected by the war, Sir-Richard said: “You may quote meas saying thatin my judgement there is nathing in the present situation, nor in possible future develop- ments, which justify any alarm being felt by the people of -this province, and particularly the business communities, asto the per- manency of their positions as citizens, and property interests, “We are passing through a testing period. Let us be calm, ag we are courayeous and confident. “T take the view that i bchooves every one of us to be consider- ate of the position of his neighbor at this crisis. .In a thousand ways embarrassments involving pecuniary relations may ensue for a time, but this only imposes upon us the obligation to devise a thousand ways for allaying these embarrassments. "* Tt would beas unpatriotic agit would be foolish and unwarrant- ed for each individual at this time to act the part of a self seeking opportunist. Most of us are by necessity non-combatants; but we _ Toust see to it that we acquit ourselves like men in the peaceful paths of good citizenship.” Copper Mining The mists of antiquity obscure the discovery of copper, but the metal and its alloy, bronze, were known at a period so remote as to antedate the beginnings of history.. Possibly gold, which oc- curs native, was discovered before copper, but the uses of gold in pre-historic times seem to have been purely ornamental, while those of copper, and its alloy, - bronze, were utilitarian as well as ornamental, from their dis- . covery. According to the latest historic- al investigations, copper was in general use in Egypt long before the time of Menes, who reigned about 5,500 B.c. Bronze wag in very early use in Egypt, for the making of weapons and tools, and the use of bronze is mention- ed in inscriptions antedating the great pyramids, As early as 2000 B,c,, copper seems to have been the monetary basis of Egypt, and branze was in use for armor and weapons, artizans’ tools, ‘goeeasional farm implements, - household . utensils, nails, locks, butts, hardware for chariots and boats,-and for jewelry and other|. decorative purposes. .The most common variety of bronze in-use in ancient Egypt, as determined by modern assays, contained res- pectively, 85 per cent copper and 15 per cent tin, and 88 per cent copper and 12 per cent tin, while . bronze used. for weapons and cutting tools, contained 94 per! cent copper,.6.9 per cent.tin, and _0.1 per cent iron, the iron proba- bly. having been included as an *: “Impurity, and not through design. ' Spain has been furnishing cop- per to the world for three thous- “and years, : and remains one of ‘thd principal. sources of the world’s supply. The Rio Tinto _ mine. has -been worked, off and 2 ON: -for about three , milleniuma, » and yet: remains one of the great- ast copper producers of. the globe, Ata ‘production in. 1910. beinigin hear- : de | iv thetnhabitants of North © which now. produ 8): hare; nan | of the entire world, were in_ the bronze and stone ages, when dis- covered by Columbus in the fif-. teenth century, at a period when the civilized peoples of Europe had ieft the bronze age two thous- and years behind. - , Lhe bulk of the world’s copper supply comes from-sulphide ores, and while leaching ‘processes are used to a considerable extent; the far greater part of the sul- phide ores is reduced by heat alone, _ Unless pyritie or semi- pyritic smelting be employed, it is desirable that as much as pos-| ~ sible of the sulphur be elimin- ated before the ore goes to ‘the smelter. Preliminary roasting or calcining may‘ be done in the open air, or by heap roasting, or by roasting in stall, shaft, or kiln furnaces. The roasting of sulphide ores may be reducing; or merely oxidizing in nature. The calcination of copper ores is asimple process in theory, but in practice requires nice diserim- ination and care to Secure the|’ best results, owing to the vary- ing proportions of copper, iron, sulphur and other elements found in the raw ores, . The skill with in the national food bill. . afield, ‘and when the: full A =< of development is upon. us, ‘the| name SKEENA will be a name to {conjure with. No permanent decline in min- ing is possible. The world must have metals, and as time goes on and civilization advances, there will be a greater and more in- sistent demand for the product of our mines, There may be temporary stagnation in the min- ing industry, but a reaction is inevitable, and nothing is more certain than that every prospect which has a fighting chance will find a market.—-Chaleopyrite, Feeding John Bull The provisioning of the British Isles is one of the marvels of the world. The foreign produce im- ported is by far the largest item imported from practically every $1,375,000,000 a year, rather less than a third of which is credited to British oversea possessions. The largest individual eontri- bution, $175,000,000- worth of food, comes from Argentina, Of other countries outside of Europe the United States. comes next, with about $10,000,000 less, fol- lowed by India, with $125,000,000; Canada with $100,000,000; Aus- tralia, Zealand, with $50,000,000, and so on through @ list of 80 or 90 separate ‘countries down to Af- ghanistan’s' modest contribution of $4,180-worth of dried raisins, The Old Prospector He. hears a call across the low- hung hills . That lured him from the’ busy haunts of men. He longs to sit. beside the red ' eamp.fire And watch the golden light of sunset fade; While silently the myriad friendly stars Gleam, one. by one, and out across the hilis’ in the gloom, And now.-the hand of Time, re- lentlessly, - Has laid upon his back the weight of years, Before his little shack -he sits alone, touch the hills, . dreams! . —George B. Staff. The Miner is twodollars a year to any address in Canada; to United States, three dollars, whieh the calcining is done great-| ly affects the success and cost.of|’. the future processes of reduction. As the combinations of ore vary greatly-in different. districts,-the|: .:-: practicé also varies to a consider= |: able extent, and the beat practice for the caleination of a given ore is determined, ‘firat by theory, and. secondly by actual work, — The Copper. Handbook. Our Mineral Resources. ” ' We believe, _ that. we have. on the Skeena. river andits tributar- |. - iea the richest undeveloped mine- ral section of like extent on the "North ‘American continent, . more diversified mineral: show- ings. Great mines with. all that their. development. means, to the contiguous country are inevitable. {| Mining is obviously, our greatest, {source of wealth, and while, the} 19 t richness of our--soil” annat: “be: jatpassed, the, mising,: ‘indiat ust: perforee | be the leuding’o: 1 cannot long ignores Inf |. ho country are there. greater or VR as Timber Sale X 230 ‘SEALED TENDERS will be received by the. Miniater of Landa not later than noon on the 26th day of Auguat, 1914, for the purchase of Licence X $30, to cut 2,269,000 feet of timber situated:in the vicinity of Kitseguecla Indian Re- nerve, Caasiar District. Three years will be allowed for the removal of the timber, ‘Further: partiqulars of the Chit For- |- ester, Vietoria, B - 4B ‘Timber Sale X:231__ fe: by, tha Minister of Landa not jater than foot “on’. the - fli for the yh ar ores ve Licones.X 231, feet of timber, ddj oin~ wey Te a, and looted south of f Andi: sr Canela ‘wil Be al red tox, the 8 -FEArB:. W: é. alle ‘a detnovalie? the timber, tithe *Burther, particulars of the Chi te te ter, “Vietora, B C the ° ead! ee It ist country on the globe and totals! with $70,000,000; New A lone wolf wakes weird echoes . And,- as: the. twilight shadows = He prospects ina golden land of | 524 interid to 2 daLeb TENDERS will be received |" 26th day: of September, | The Favorite. Shopping place . - \ . = ely e aati cy te Saba Ao 8 | odes Teas from India and Ceylon. | ‘Coffee from South America °° Butter from New Zealand Jams& Marmalades, from Great Britain . Oranges & Lemons from Califor But v we are not forgetting. to pationize Home. Industries = “Canada First” is our Matto. We have: from Canada Q Cheese, Butter, Eggs, Cream, Sugar, Flour Cereals, Feed, Fruits, fresh and canned » “Jue received Lange Shipment of - Canadian Granite Ware’ | 2 Glad to How you : | ~ General _ Merchant R 8 Ss GENT ‘Hazelton. 7 ve | | SELL EL EEE tet oooNONONON Timber. Sale x 233 ce SEALED TENDERS wil be recelved by the Miriater of Lands not later than | noon on the 20th day of Au nat): 1314; for. the purchase of Licence. 233, to cut \ 1,012,000 ‘feat of timber aituated In the |’: vicinity of the Kitseguecla. India’ Re- -|serve, Group 1, Cassiar District, | Three yours will be allowed for the removal of the timber. Further particulara of the Chief) rare ester, Victoria, B..C.- 8-52 GOAL NOTICES: Hazelton Land District, District of Takenotice that I. vArthur H, Smythe, of Vancouver, B. C.. broker, intend: to apply for a license to prospect for -coal petroleum over the following dea- eribed iand--- Commencing at a post planted at the northwest cortier of Sectidn 86, ‘Town- | ship 57, thence-east 30 chains, | south 80 chaing, weat 80 chains, north 80 chains, to point of commencement, ‘640° acres; claim No, 13.-- “AH. 8. a N,W..cOr, “a ‘The GALENA CLUB “* Under. New Management Has sim | Favorite te “ POOL AND. AMERICAN BILLIARD TABLES ;. Finest Cigars, Cigarettes, and Tobacéos, Choice Confectionery, Fruits, lee Cretan, “Soft Drinks | | GRAHAM ROCK- _ fo “PROPRIETOR, ‘ same days. pacibic & . THROUGH - ana ooo om