The link Between a ‘mountaineering expedition’. .°

- The Abominable

Yankee Snowmen

: : «and U.S. germ warfare preparations

eel the British expedition led

by Colonel Hunt’ set out to
climb Mount Everest in the
spring of 1953 no one doubted its
announced purpose. Among its
members were some of the most
outstanding climbers in the Com-
monwealth. And weeks later the
world thrilled to the news that
two of them, Sir Edmund Hillary
and Tensing Norkay, had con-
quered the great mountain’s high-
est peak.

The American expedition

which disembarked from a USS. .

Military Air Transport plane in
Calcutta last March was of a very
different character, according to
a sensational story published in
New Age, Bombay. Its announced
purpose was to climb 27,000-ft.
Mount Malaku on the Nepal-Tibet
border, fourth highest mountain
in the world. But among its
members there was not one
mountain climber of note.

Ten of the expedition’s mem-
‘bers were University of Califor-
nia scientists. Another member
was a “survival instructor” of the
US. Air Force.

The leaders of the expedition
. were Dr. William Siri, medieai
physicist, and Dr. Nello Pace, pro-
fessor of physiology. New Age
notes that Dr. Pace, a specialist
in plant and animal pigments and
cnvironmental physiology, was a
lieutenant - commander in the
U.S. Navy between 1941 and 1948
and was in Korea when the Chin-
ese and Korean Peoples‘ govern-
ments presented their document-
ed charge that the U.S. was using
germ warfare. ~
The expedition received every
assistance from the Indian gov-
ernment. Its equipment was
transported to Nepal. Daily
weather bulletins were specially
compiled for it by the Indian
meteorological office and broad-
cast to Malaku.
In July the expedition réturn-
ed to Calcutta without having
reached the top of Mount Malaku.
But, far from being dejected by
the expedition’s failure, its lead-
ers expressed themselves as be-
ing “highly satisfied” with the
results. ‘
@ "
What was the U.S. expedition
wetually doing on the slopes cf
Mount Malaku?
New Age answers its own ques-
question. It was searching for
germ-carrying insects.
A clue was given by one of the
members of the expedition, Dr.
Lawrence Swan, entomologist,
who revealed that the expedition
had collected several thousand
insects, including spiders, and
ee 1,000 specimens of plant
_ life.

._The expedition, Dr. Swan re-
ported, had made an “important
discovery’ on the mountain. It
had found a species called the
“attid spider” living at a height
of 20,000 feet on bare rock.

Why the expedition felt that
this discovery was so important
will be clear from a reference to.
the evidence of U.S. germ war-
fare in Korea in 1952.

A U.S. airman, Floyd O’Neal,
kimself a scientist, who was. cap-
tured by the Korean People’s
Army, told the International Sci-

%

\

entific Commission in Korea how
U.S. scientists were trying to de-
velop bacteria — and insects to
carry them — which would flour-
ish in cold, sub-zero climates

where diseases were formerly un-.

known.

One of the problems of the
U.S: germ war experts was
spreading disease-carrying insects
over snow-bound Korea. o

The “attid spider,’ now dis-
covered on the slopes of Mount
Makalu, is expected to be an ad-
vance on the tarantula spider
species, which the American
germ experts dropped in large
quantities over Korea in 1952.
e

Commenting on the US. ex

pedition to Mount Makalu, Popu-

By Alan Winnington

FOR the first time in history the

Chinese people are fighting
their age-old enemy, flood, with
all the resources of the entire
nation. Teams of naval divers
have been flown to Wuhan in
Central China, to fight the rising
Yangtse River which had reached
4 new record peak of 96 feet.

The dramatic battle to save the
industrial heart of Central China,

Wuhan spotlights a struggle of |
-incredible dimensions against the

Yangtse and Huai rivers, treach-
erous killers of uncounted mil-
lions of Chinese people for thous-
ands of years. “

Relentless rain, the worst in
recorded history, has this year
raised the levels of several rivers
several feet higher than ever be-
frre.

Five years ago you could meet
beggars everywhere whose fami-
lies and hopes were wiped out
in flood disasters. Nothing like
that ean ever happen again.

One of the first acts of the Peo-
ple’s government was ito chal-
lenge the floods, and for five
years work has been proceeding
on systematic water schemes to
tame China’s rivers first and fin-
elly to make them work to pro-
Cuce power and food for the peo-
ple they used to destroy.

T met one of the men in the

lar Science magazine in its April
1954 issue, admitted that this
party of California scientists was

“not interested in finding a route.

up the mountain.”

“As you may expect of a party
of scientists, the most careful
preparations have been made for
attacking Makalu,” the magazine
reported.

The same issue of the magazine
contained some information about
the goings on at the University of
California, from which the bogus
mountaineers came, a

The university, and, especially
its department of physiology from
which Doctors Pace and Siri come,
is carrying on further research
into deadly nerve gases develop-

’

China’s Sorrow is imprisoned _

This picture show members of the international scientific commissio
that the United States used germ warfare in Korea.

Among members
_ Joseph Needham of Cambridge University.

n.which inquired into charges
of -the commission was Prof.

ed by German chemists in 1936.
One branch of these gases, de-
scribed by Popular Science, is
used to kill insects, another to
kill human beings.
The latter gases, says the ma-
Sazine, “blind and choke humans,

cause tremors and violent con-
vulsions, stimulate nerve end-

ings, and leave water and mucus

in the lungs.
lows.”
e

Some members of the Makalu
expedition are now planning an-
other expedition to a peak in the
Garhwal Himalayas in 1956.

The U.S. expedition to Mount
Makalu is not the first of its kind.
Besides the mysterious activities

Death usually fol-

New dam on the middle Yangtse at Taipinkkou.

central nerve system that senses
practically every gallon of rain
that falls and where the whole
fight is directed. Director Hsu
Kai of the planning bureau’ un-
der the ministry of water conser-
vancy knows both sides of the
picture. :

“Days ahead we know how
much rain will fall and where.
We can calculate the size of the
crests that will develop in- the

rivers, when they will reach dan-.

gerous points, what will be the
flow, and whether the dykes can
hold it. So we have time to work
out methods to cope with it.

“Orders are issued to open the
powerful sluice gates and move-
able dams, mostly built under the
new government, to divert the
flow, or to Strengthen certain
Gykes,

“If we see that a dyke cannot

PACIFIC TRIBUNE — SEPTEMBER 10, 1954 — PAGE 1

When the British expedition led by Colonel Hunt set o its
quer Mount Everest in the spring of 1953 no one doubted 15

announced purpose. But the U.S. expedition last spring to 27,000-Ft
Mount Malaku had a very different purpose.

‘tional Geographic Society

ut to con

of a man like Prince Peter of
Greece in Kalimpong — gee
ed by Pandit Nehru as “a Be
of spies” — a shoal of U-». °
peditions have been movie”
about in Nepal since the wa!

+ In 1946, the Smithsonian
stitute, a U.S. agency, and ition
University sent an expedl
there to “collect birds.” —

The expedition was led by ‘ele
Sidney Ripley, director of '™
ligence operations in Sou
Asia for the notorious OSS. Na-

+ In 1948-49, the US.
sen!
an expedition to “collect | at
and mammals.” It was Sale,
ne looking for “a rare bird ©
no scientist had seen 10
years.” Again Dr. Ripley !¢
expedition. : Na

+ In 1948-50, the Chicas? ot
tional History Museum S00
ed an expedition “to eXP  —
Central Nepal.” t of

It is noteworthy that eae
these expeditions have~ the ;
focussing their attention 02 alt
strategic area along the Ne?
Tibet frontiers.

“These revelations of the
kalu expedition highlight oo
dangerous activities of Amerie?”
visitors to this country,” declat
New.Age. “Even these 50°"),
“mountaineers” require 10
checked upon by the 82
ments of India and Nepal, 0
the collection of intelligence 4 ee
data useful for U.S. war purpose”
impairs our sovereignty and 1icy ;
counter to the declared P®? ie.
of friendship and peaceful at
existence towards our 98°
neighbor, China.”

be saved, we can give local a
orities plenty of notice to be
the inhabitants evacuate in 39°
time.” i : ; 5!
Dryly he said of the old dav™
“We never knew what was
ing on until the dykes crumb 0
We were not even required 1",
anything—it would cost mon”
Parts of only four proves
are seriously affected and Pass
of three provinces to a much yeR
degree. Very few towns are ©
slightly: affected. iver
Work done on the Yellow B#
since liberation has stood UP ter
the heavy test of five high W9*
crests. ‘ jand
Vast stretches of farm rea
along the lower Yellow River a
in Shantung Province, COVE We
millions of acres of fertile“
ial plain, are enjoying good phe
vests of grain and cotton. -

Sa ae
soya bean and peanut Bat
maturing on three million 4 The

are the best in recent yealS. 4,
cne and a quarter million
o* cotton promises well, the tind”
bearing heavy bolls. Harves:
has just begun of sorghum, mu
and maize on another six ™
acres. ty
And. Wuhan, which went une

seven feet -f water in 1931, °
still safe.
“China’s sorrow”—the yellow

r oat e) ere ke.
River—is imprisoned in its dy**

5. ee

theast

vern” ;

eS

¢