S. Africa: the face of apartheid - The Chilean Alejandro Lipschutz has said that ‘“‘the idea that human or social phenomena should be explained by extrasocial factors has its way back thousands of years ago in mythology,’’ whose study ‘‘teaches us that their evolution is closely tied to the technological or economic con- ditions of the respective ethnic ” The colonial conquest of Africa - and the evolution of colonialism, neocolonialism and imperialism are all based on the myth of racial Ferry carried this myth throughout Africa. Blaine and Theodore Roosevelt did the same in Latin America. All assigned to the peoples of Africa and Latin America the role of non-historic peoples which Hegel assigned to the Slav peoples. But racial discrimination, racism and apartheid — its most brutal, inhuman manifestation — are components of the capitalist system of production and its ex- ploitation of man by man, as was also the casein all societies divided superiority. into classes. Cecil Rhodes, Kruger and Jules Hitler Germany didn’t unleash = nei at Be left wing By MIKE GIDQRA Sports and apartheid In the midst of the legalized racist murders taking place in South Africa, one tends to forget just how deep the policy of apar- theid runs. Nothing in South African society is exempted from this program of brutality and hatred practised by the white minority in that country. — Even sport, which by definition is “‘a pastime or amusement which a person indugles in’’ has been desecrated to the point of non- recognition in that brutal regime. For more than 75 years, all sport . in South Africa has been controlled - by“white South Africans, and all internationally recognized sports organizations have been restricted to whites, with the exception of table tennis. Yet, the non-racial Table Tennis Federation of South Africa: has never been able to obtain petitors to travel abroad and enter _ international competitions. This one small item, the fact that the sole multiracial sports body in entire South Africa has been all but disbanded by the South African - government is but an indication of the true repressiveness of that sick society. - Why then, has it been that South Africa has been able to produce a number of athletes who ‘have achieved world prominence in a number of sports, including golfers Gary Player, and Bobby Locke, runner Paul Nash, and swimmer Karen Muir? The answer, and it is a simple enough answer, is that these people are part of the privileged white minority of South Africa. These. _ people are the ones who have great periods of leisure, access to abundant economic resources and the advantage of an ideal sub- tropical climate in which to practise and perfect their chosen. sports. It is the others, the black South - Africans who are denied all of the above. It is the black South _ Africans who must play soccer on dirt fields while all-white teams will be playing in the luxurious confines of plush country clubs. And, it is the black South Africans who will have to work 12 or 14 hours per day at the most backbreaking manual labor while the whites play cricket. And, it is probably for these reasons that many black South African athletes such as boxer Jake Ntuli and weightlifter Ron Eland, finding that they had no -. place in an all-white sports’ establishment in South Africa, to Britain or other Pcie ee 1055 emigrated passports from. the- .government to allow its com- countries where they became leading figures in their sports. For nearly 70 years, the all-white international sports policy of South Africa was left barely un- challenged, save for the steadfast condemnation of sports federations from the socialist countries. But, in the last years, as world-wide abhorrence of South African racism grows, that oppressive state is finding itself more and more isolated in all arenas, par- © ticularly the sports arenas. In 1974 South Africa won the Davis Cup, symbolic of world tennis mastery through default because they could find no one willing to compete against them. At best a hollow victory, but’ in reality a stinging isolation of South African racism. In 1964 South Africa was barred from the Olympic Games in Tokyo, = an action that was confirmed again in 1968 and in 1972. South Africa will not be represented in Montreal next month because they are not wanted. Since 1964 South Africa has been expelled from the International Football Federation, the World Fencing Federation, the Interna- tional Amateur Boxing Association, the International Judo Federation, and the International Olympic Committee. As well, South African teams have been barred from world championships in netball, gym- nastics and the pentathalon. Each and every one of these actions has further isolated South Africa in- ternationally, as has the threat by 33 African countries to boycott the Montreal Olympics unless New Zealand cancels plans for com- petition with South Africa. But still, friends of racism pop up everywhere, particularly in the United States. The U.S. has piously hidden behind a farce of true “sportsmanship” and fought for South Africa to be part of the in- ternational sporting community, threater.ing themselves to with- draw should South Africa be ex- pelled. Could it be that because of the close economic and political ties between these two reactionary regimes that possibly the Americans are feeling the isolation ‘as well? If that is so, then well and good. There is no room for apartheid in international athletics, just as there is no room for the friends of apartheid in international sport. Until total athletic isolation of _ South Africa is ‘achieved, the meaning of sport” internationally will never be a realized. World War II because of biological - differences. Rather, it did so with the express purpose of winning markets for its powerful monopolies and opening the door to the African and Asian colonies and to the Latin-American neocolonies. In the South African racists’ theory of racial superiority and | white supremacy, as in Hitler’s idea of racial purity, an economic factor is at work — which, in the case of the Pretoria .regime, manifests itself in the pretension of a white minority to maintain the black majority in a state of per- petual exploitation. The term ‘‘apartheid” was first - employed in 1948 in a manifesto issued by the Nationalist Party, which said, ‘‘We have the option of taking one of two divergent courses: that of integration, which in the long run means national suicide of the whites, or that of apartheid.” Once in power, the Nationalist Party chose the road of apartheid. The rich Boer landowners took over 86 per cent of the most fertile land; the industrial bourgeoisie grabbed control of the natural resources; and the racists set up an indirect.system of slave labor, with an assured source. of cheap labor for the South African economy and the Transnational companies. They created an infamous regime which negated the very- humanity of its people and pro- mulgated more than 200 laws and resolutions which restrict the life and social, economic and political activities of the black population, regulating the home, the family, freedom of movement, work,. education, marriage, assembly and association, religion and freedom of expression. Economic exploitation and juridical, administrative and police terror are the basic in- struments used by this diabolical republic. The following are simply examples of South African law: “An African who was born in a town and lived there continuously for 50 years, but then left to reside elsewhere for any period, even two weeks, is not entitled as of right to. return to the town where he was born and to remain there for more than 72 hours.” “A proclamation in the Government Gazette may, at any time, prohibit any African from being in any town during such hours of the night as are specified in the proclamation, unless he is in possession of a written permit signed by his employer or by an authorized official.”’ “No white man may spend a few hours each week in his own home voluntarily teaching his African servants to read. If he does so, he is guilty of a criminal offence.”’ “Every African, male or female, between the ages of 18 and 65, is liable to pay an annual tax (known as the general tax) of at least R 3, in addition to the ordinary income tax payable by all South Africans.” “An African who writes ‘Down with Apartheid’ on the wall of the house of any person is guilty of a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment for up to six months without the option of a fine.” (encase emma To P.T. readers and our friends who helped -.us so generously with the Press Drive. MANY THANKS Niilo Makela Club For South African blacks, the infant mortality rate ranges as high as 400 for every thousand live births — almost 20 times the rate for Europeans. Apartheid is evidenced in every . sphere of human activity. This includes education and medical services for the African people. In South Africa, education through the eighth grade is ab- solutely free — for the whites, The cost for black Africans varies from region to. region and grade to grade. Some estimates place the cost for the first four grades at 24 dollars per student per year and for the fifth through seventh grade at 39 dollars per student per year — that is, an African worker’s salary for 13 days and three weeks, respectively. Around 26 per cent of the African children of school age in 1966 did not go to school, and 50 per cent of those who did go to school had not yet reached the fourth grade. Only one out of 83 got as far as junior high school, and only one out of 500 finished the tenth grade. African . children must pay 25 times as much for their education as European children. Apartheid is also reflected in medical care. The infant mortality rate — generally accepted as one of the ‘best indices — was 20.9 children under 1 year of age for every thousand live births among the Europeans. The estimate for Africans — the government doesn’t provide any statistics — ranges from 200 to 400 for every thousand live births. : Medical services in the republic of apartheid are separate — ac- cording to race. For Europeans, there is one doctor for every 400 white inhabitants. For Africans, there is one doctor for every 44,400 inhabitants. ~ Apartheid is the exacerbation of the exploitation of the African masses by the white minority — reactionary, fascist large land- owners and bourgeoisie — and by the multinational companies - that operate in South Africa. The wage scale is a clear index the exploitation to which — Africans are subjected. Accord to a publication issued by |! Foreign Affairs Committee of U.S. House of Representatives, wages, food and housing for a 1a! force of 380,000 Africans | worked the gold mines in S@ Africa in 1964 came to around $ million. Meanwhile, the Europeans employed in that dustry were paid $245 mill dollars. In 1966, the per capita incom! Africans was $120 for the year 1972, the figure rose to $154, but increase was more than wiped: by the high rate of — inflat registered in South Africa in ¢ period, which increased the cos food and shelter by 32 per cell The situation faced by African agricultural worker: even more serious. The Times London (4/26/71) pointed out in agriculture, which employs « ! per cent of the African labor fo the wages being paid were ol” lower than those paid 60 yeal before. The average income ! these workers in 1962 ranged ft $5.60 to $8.40 a month. Some years ago a Johannes? daily published an announcems with the following headlil “African Cries ‘There is No Pl in This World for Me.’ and Jul to his Death’ (Sunday Till 2/25/62). The man’s name was J Ephapane Baloyi. Jobless persecuted by the police, he’ finally sentenced to a labor f@ Conditions were so bad that decided to escape and sought relatives near Johannesburg 3 gave him food and clothing asked him where he wanted 0 4}, There was nowherein the worlé him, he replied. Hours laters 4 leaped to his death. Baloyi’s solution is that cho by millions of Africans in republic of apartheid today, © are aware of their right to hav! place in this world. As Maria de Jesus Nu! delegate of the People’s Repu? of Angola to the Internati Seminar against Apartheid, § “Men who are ready to die sO” others may live are taking. arms” to obtain such a place a world. —Granma labridg b THANK YOU for your contributions —The Goodie Bi BURNABY CL 4th ANNUAL YGL SALMON BAKE Sunday, June 27—2 p.m. 3310 Cardinal Drive, BURNABY $3.50 Adults, 10-15 $2.00 10 and under $1.00 REFRESHMENTS