} te Prem Sand p Nehru: ‘Great danger 4a new world war” - et Nehru said last week, on first hearing reports of aide titish troop landings in Lebanon and Jordan, that if ine of Owers intervened in Arab countries “there is great World war.” He added that “tension is increasing and YY knows where it will end.” i ty, Teturned to Delhi lahabad immediately f the crisis and De- s ag Krishna Menon Mba ing a Kerala tour. tings Press reaction to the or SS typified in the ot ae comment: “An lin itical insanity.” hk: Ment from other count- OScow, png New ay 7 The Soviet Union Its recognition of mat Republic, and In . S0vernment con- eo the strongest terms . . action in Lebanon. Ry oviet government de- Biter at it cannot remain cai to these events ithe #e fea serious danger Big on adjacent to its Wi “ald the statement, Ts) StVes the right to Py, Measures necessary le . Mic, @intenance of peace | Unity » . Be Premier Nikita Khru- Teast urgent messages thy i the world powers fr. 4n immediate top- level meeting on the Middle East crisis. PEKING: The People’s Daily said “the imperialist interven- tion” was doomed to failure, as it was.at Suez. _ CAIRO: The semi-official Al Shaab denounced “the open aggression against an Arab state and a new provocation to Arab nationalism.” STOCKHOLM: A call to all people to act against the U.S. aggression in Lebanon was the occasion of a tremendous demonstration at the Congress of Disarmament and Interna- tional Cooperation. Delegates branded the U.S. action as a violation of the principles of the United Nations and a threat to the whole world. The resolution was moved by Pierre Cot; former French Minister for Air, LONDON: Labor leader Hugh Gaitskell, speaking in the Commons, urged an_ early summit conference to discuss the Middle East crisis. ‘i By R. PALME DUTT yr A fn, BU 1914 — war broke over the world. August, 1958 i : Th Come again? m, ls . F ° Nop re War in the Middle East is no sudden, unexpected, : a Mary adventure. It is the most serious war crisis My: 80d Suez. It is even more serious in the present Mien Situation. ir ive yue facts. The war Nhe 8s been visibly Rk ae prepared for in . Months with the ty oe concentration of # ~°S warships, guns,, iy “°Mmando troops, ye. . ven a “tactical iy a atom bombs— Tan ar exceeding Suez. B%, .° Certain that the wy f this offensive was , guring the recent Bj €nhower and Mac- Phy ashington. am Ve Eisenhower and . Lull so Concentrated on Bs es © war against the ¥ copieeele of the united Bt e? Dy ma Sudden decision min Teause of the revolu- Bey, iy i °ntrary, the revolu- B np) @ was an answer to h. teyo, Merican offensive. “Sty Ution in Iraq was Boy st in time by a me > to prevent the py, ee Council from 1 leg Which it had been B, “ive, ® launch the war Cy r *Sult, the Western Powers were robbed of the last pretext to cover their naked aggression. They had sought long ago the authorisation of the United Nations on the basis of false allegations of “massive infiltration” of the United Arab Republic of Lebanon. The United Nations Security Council rejected their demand to approve military action and authorised only an observers’ mission to check the facts. This UN mission, with the direct participation of the secretary-general, Dag Ham- marskjoeld, has blown the false allegations into smith- ereens. Hammarskjoeld has publicly and courageously made clear that-the landing of U.S. troops in the Lebanon is without authorisation of the United Nations. Thus nothing was left for the United States and Britain save bare, open _ lawless ageression in defiance of the United Nations. Why have they entered on this desperate, criminal gamble? For years they have seen LULL | ALLE eT _ Camille Chamoun, president of. the tiny East . Mediter- ranean Republic of. the Lebanon (population 1,500.- 000) is a 57-year-old ex- businessman with a handsome face, a liking for big cigars, and a weakness for all things “Western.” He became president in 1952, when he was leader of the Nationalist Bloc, an Op- position party. The govern- ment was then in the. hands of the Constitutional Bloc, the representatives of the Leb- anese big bourgeoisie or ‘forty families,’ who had a reputation for corruption unr surpassed anywhere among the rich of the Middle East. Such is the extent of vote- buying and other malpractices that it is said that in the Lebanon acandidate’s average election expenses are $50,000. This corruption Chamoun attacked vigorously, although his government was later, in the 1957 general election, to make extensive use of it. As the anti-imperialist tide rose in the Middle East, Chamoun’s position has_ be- come increasingly unpopular. At a time when the Lebanon, which depends largely on nk ies the advance of Arab libera- tion sweeping away all their old positions of power and privilege. Syria and Lebanon won independance after the Second World War. Egypt cleared out the British, first to the Canal Zone, and then from the Canal Zone. Sudan, Morocco, Tunis won independence; the Algerian battle is at its height. Jordan expelled General Glubb and the British occupying forces. Egypt nationalised the Suez Canal Company, and with the support of the peoples of the world triumphantly withstood the combined ‘assault of Anglo - French imperialism and Israel. The establishment of the Loss of the Suez Canal was a blow to imperialism. Syria for.its food supply, de- sired to have friendly rela- tions with other Arab: :coun- tries, he leaned toward alliance with the West. Ata time when Lebanese, fearing above all ___inter- CAMILLE CHAMOUN religious . strife, have sought neutrality, Chamoun _ has undermined this by showing sympathy for the Eisenhower Doctrine and a leaning toward membership of the Bagdad Pact. both universally suspect. His policy led the head of his own religion, the Maronite Patriarch to call him a fool War or peace in the Middle E United Arab Republic of Egypt and Syria represents the first step to the fulfilment of a dream of a free and united Arab nation. The fury of the lords of the Western “free world” at the advance of Arab freedom has known no bounds. , Their abuse and execration of Nasser has almost equalled their abuse and execration of Communism. By every means they have sought to reimpose the chains... Now Iraq has thrown off the yoke. The last bastion of. im- imperialism, the pivot and base of the Bagdad Pact, has fallen. The Republic of Iraq has been proclaimed on the basis of Arab freedom and the July 25, 1958 — CHAMOUN — WESTERN STOOGE| who was digging his own grave. There are 14 separate re- ligious groups in Lebanon, each entitled to a varying number of seats in the Beirut Parliament. The Patriarch, a realist in politics, has striven for religious tolerance in a land where this is vital for internal and external peace. In April Camoun announced he would stand for another term as president, although he had served the prescribed six years and a_ successor should be nominated in August, This de@lara’ion, coupled with Camoun’s hostile attitude toward the United Arab Re- public and a strong liking for having units of the U.S. Sixth Fleet cruising close to his. . coasts, impelled the Opposi- tion to demand his resigna- tion. The mass of the population of Lebanon, and most of their religious and political leaders, want actual neutrality with friendship toward other Mid- dle Eastern countries. It is Chamoun’s efforts to rule in face of this that is the cause of the struggle now going on, ast? principles of neutralism and Bandung. Every lover of free- dom throughout the world will salute the Republic of Iraq. Therefore the Western Powers have become. des- perate. Only two alternatives lie before them. Are they to recognise Arab freedom and end their intervention? That is the path of peace in the Middle East, on the basis of recognition of national inde- pendence and non-intervention by all the Powers, as_ re- peatedly proposed by the Soviet Union during recent years and rejected each time by .the Western Powers. The other alternative is full- scale -major war to restore their lost positions. They have chosen this fatal path. The U.S. and British govern- ments. have entered on their last and most desperate mili- tary gamble in the Middle Kast. They have begun with the Lebanon and Jordan. They have their eyes on Iraq, on Yemen, cn the whole Middle East. How far their plans will reach will depend on the speed and the strength of world re- sistance to restrain them. Hence the urgency to stop this gamble, while there is yet time, by the united strength of Jabor, ef the whole people, of all the peoples of the world. PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3