In Canada a unique opportunity exists. The Supreme Court of Canada recently decided, in a landmark decision, that it did have jurisdiction to examine the legality of Canadian foreign policy. This is perhaps the most important result of the cruise missile case, brought to the Supreme Court by Operation Dismantle, the World Federalists of Canada and a number of other organizations. Although at the time we were unsuccessful in our attempis to halt testing of the cruise missile, the courts did rule that government decisions on foreign policy and defence must be consistent with Canada's new constitution and could be reviewed by the courts. Justice Brian Dickscn wrote at the time: "T have no doubt that disputes of a political or foreign policy nature may be properly cognizable by the courts." This has given us an opening in Canada to try other cases. It gives us in Canada a special role to play in the global effort to seek a worid free from the threat of nuclear destruction. The Legal Arguments The Nuclear Weapons Legal Action is not seeking a political decision from the courts, but rather a straight-forward ruling on whether NATO's first use Strategy is compatible with international law. Our case will rely on the well-established principles of international law which make up the "Humanitarian Rules of Armed Conflict." They are: Rule | - It is prohibited to use weapons Or tactics that cause unnecessary or aggravated devastation and suffering. Rule 2- It is prohibited to use weapons or tactics that cause indiscriminate harm as between combatants and non-combatants, military and civilian personnel. Rule 3- It is prohibited to use weapons Or tactics that cause wide-spreaci, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment. Rule 4- it is prohibited to effect reprisals that are disproportionate to their antecedent provocation or to legitimate military objectives, or disrespectful of persons, institutions and resources otherwise protected by the laws of war. Rule 5- It is prohibited to use weapons or tactics that violaie the neutral jurisdiction of non-participating states. Rule 6- It is prohibited to use asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and analogous liquids, materials or devices, including bacteriological methods of warfare. We will also rely on the "Martens Clause" of the Hague Convention of 1907: " Until a more complete code of the laws of war has been issued, ... in cases not included in the regulations adopted by them, the inhabitants and the belligerents remain under protection and the rule of the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among Civilized peoples, from the laws of humanity, and the dictates of the public conscience." 21