A.LOOK AT NATURAL GAS
Do we really

By GARRY FAIRSAIRN

CALGARY (CP) — While
Canada and other nations
prepare to build Reets of
tankers to carry liquefied
natural gas, world analysts
are still trying to determine
the risks involved in such

shipping.
“Liquefied natural gas can

be viewed from widely
different perspectives," J.
Reed Walker of Applied
Technology Corp., Norman,
Okla,, told the recent World
Petroleum Congress in
Bucharest, Romania. :

“At one extreme, it is a
panacea that will provide the
answer to many energy

Tibet’s future,
a vague reply

PEKING (Reuter) —.

Former prime minister
Rierre Trudeau asked Vice-
Fremier Deng Xiaoping
(Dang Hsiao-ping) on
Tuosday to disclose China's
ilicy on the future af Tibet
Ricrercived a vague reply,
leau says he has been
unsuccesbful in seeking from
Deng an answer on whether’
Peking plans to colonize
thinly-populated: Tibet with
Chinese when the vast region
bordering on India is brought
out of the Middle Ages into
modern times.

Health
officials
debate
disease,
refugees
OTTAWA (CP) — Federal
and Ontarlo health officials

appear to disagree on the
degree of tuberculoels found

in refugees entaring Canada |

from Southeast Asian

camps.
But they agreed Tuesday

that the health of the general
public has not been
threatened,

And doctors in both levels
of government termed in-
correct or exaggerated
published reports that
refugees with highly con-
tagious cases of tuberculosis
had been admitted to On-

tario.

“In the first place,
tuberculosis is not a highly
infectious disease,"’ a doctor
with the federal health
department sald in an in-
terview.

Dr. A.C. McKenna, chief of
Ontario’s chest disease
service, said the degree of
infectiousness was probably
nil in the 33 refugees with
tuberculosis who entered the
province during the last few
months,

All were treated with
drugs before leaving
Southeast Asia and now are
receiving follow-up treat-
ment in Ontario, including
three who were admitted to
hospital. The drugs render
the disease on-infectious
within about seven days, but
treatment must be continued
for several months. to
achieve a cure.

Federal and provincial
health officials appear,
however, te differ on how the

cases were defined when |

they entered Canada.

Dr. McKenna said federal
authorities labelled the cases
active, but not contagious; a
spokesman for the federal
health department said all
the cases were designated
inactive by federal officials.

The federal spokesman
said persons suffering active
or contagious tuberculosis
are not allowed to enter
under the Immigration Act.

Persons with contagious
tuberculosis spread the
disease by spraying large
numbers of germs into the
air when they cough or
sneeze. Someone with active
tuberculosis is sick with the
disease, although: that per-
son may not spread enough
germs to be considered con-
tagious. Inactive tuber-
culosis means germs are
present in the body but not

growing.

Federal Health Minister
David Cromble's statement
Monday made no mention of
active tuberculosis. He sald
that no Indochinese refugees
with contaglous tuberculosis
are being admitted,

But spokeamen at both
levels of government
suggested the important
distinction is belween
contaglous and  non-
contagious.

The executlve director of
the Canadian Lung
Association said active
tuberculosis should not be a
determining factor when
allowing immigrants into
Canada -- “especially

litical refugees like the

at peonle.”

Tibet is about the size of
Quebec but has less than one-
third its population.

Trudeau had just returned
from the region when he met
with Deng for two hours.
China took over Tibet in 1951
two years after the late
Chinese leader Mao Tse-tung

founded thz People's
Republic,

He told reporters after the
meeting: “The Peking

government is obviously

- dolng a lot to bring Tibet into .

the modern times out of the
Middle Ages. What happens
when they suc-o ceed? Will
they also have succeeded in
getting Tibetans lo consider
themselves part of China?
Or with higher education and
development will Tibetans
say, ‘We don’t want to belong
to anybody .., Why can’t we
be Independent?'”

Trudeau said he would

have thought one way of .

dealing with this would be to
populate the region with
Chinese.

He suid he saw evidence of
this around Lhasa, the
capital of Tibet, where many
Chinese are members of the
armed forces. 6

Trudeau sid when he asked
Deng about this, ‘All he an-
swered ... is ‘You knowhnat
too many people want to go
and live in ‘Tibet xor they
don’t find it all that com-
fortable,”"

He added: “Either they
(the Chinese} don’t want to
think about it or they're not
sure what their plan is.”

Liker Canada, China is @
multi-nationalhcountry but
more than 95-per cent of its
estimated 915 million are
Chinesz. Tibetans, con-
sidered a minority na-
tionality by Peking, account
for about 1.28 million.

Trudeau said China's
policy toward Tibet
fascinated him because
Canada has similar prab-
lems with its French Cana-
dians, Indians and Eskimos.

Trudeau said Deng “spoke
at great length about Soviet
imerialism and made it clear
that in his mind the dif-
ferences between Moscow
and Peking have their origin
in Russian chauvinism
which is worse, as he put it,
than in the czarist days.”

Deng also was “quite
direct and rather
pessimistic’ about the Sino-
Soviet talks in Moscow this
week, Trudeau said.

Trudeau said Deng told -

him the talks “might go on
for a very long time without
much progress.”

Deng also said Peking sup-
ports the Arab cause — in
particular, Palestinian
claims.

He suggested the United
States change its policy of
support for Israel and un-
derstand that friendship with
the Arabs would remove the
danger of what he termed as
Soviet imperlalism in the
Middle East.

‘He (Deng) said they
themselves as Chinese never
contested the right of Israel
to exist and that he wasn't
suggesting the United States
abandon Israel,’ Trudeau
said.

On the peace agreement
between Egypt and Israel,
Trudeau said Deng com-
mented “rather candidly
that he understood Egypt,
that it ia looking for peace."

Deng's remarks “show an
open-minded or moderate
approach to the Middle East
question,” Trudeau said.
“He doesn’t go for the pure
Arab line any more than he
goes for the pure Israeli

Deng also toid Trudeau the
Chinese support the deposed
regime of Cambodian
Premier Pol Pot who was
chased out of the capital of
Phnom Penh earlier in the

year by Vietnameseled rebel §

forces.

“He explained they were
supporting a principle of the
inviolability of frontiers and
they ‘were not condoning
everything that Pol Pot had
done,” Trudeau said.

He added that the way
Deng had explained it
“sounded as though he had
regretted he had not ex-
pressed earlier some of his
fears, or reservations, about
Pal Pot.”

problems and at the other
exlreme it is a hazard that
willlead to the deaths of tens
of thousands of people.”

Although neither extreme
is true, Walker said, there is
no reliable way to estimate
the chances of disastrous
accidents,

Scientists had developed
theories of how large
quantities of liquefied
natural gas (LNG) would

The Herald Wednesday, September 26, 1979, Page §

know the risks involved

‘However, presently
available information is not
sufficlent to determine
accurately where the cloud
will ignite, the number of
people injured or killed, or
the amount of property
damage.”

While Walker’s remarks
provided little comfort for
such areas as the Maritimes,
a possible destination ‘for

way, accused en-
vironmentalists of being too
critical of gas, |

“There seems to be an
excess of critical voices
against gas for safety and
environmental reasons,”

Counting both liquid gas

and liquid petroleum gas_

(LPG) shipments, Kvam-
sdat said “ships have been
involved in 26 serious in-
cidents but only one leakage

respectively having ac-
cumulated 183 and 777 ship
years of service.”

Describing a 1974 ex-
plosion on the Japanese
tankship Yoyu Maru, where
33 people died, Kvamsdal
said that disaster resulted
from a collision that rup-
tured wing tanks carrying
92,-000 cubic metres of
naphtha.

planned liquid gas tankers
from the Arctic, another
congress paper was more
optimistic. .

R.S. Kvamsdal of Moss
Rosenberg Verft AS, Nor-

react when spilled, forming
a cold, dense cloud that
would flow over water or
ground, before forming a
flammable methane-air
plume. :

‘138 LNG and LPG ships,

has been reported,

“There is no record of fire
or explosion in any gas
cargo, The statistics are
based on records from 43 and
argued:

BUSINESS DIRECTORY

The 43,000 cuble metres of
liquid gas inthe ship’s centre
tanks were not immediately
released and had no elfect on
the number of deaths, he
“Any ordinary

tanker carrying refined,
highly flammable products
would have exhibited the
same hazard,"

Describing how liquid gas
shipments are becoming
essential for areas thal
cannot teceive gas by
pipeline, Masao Tange of
Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd. said
liquid gas already provides

‘97 per cent of town gas and

seven per cent of electric
power in Japan.

Despite the Yoyu Maru
accident in Tokyo Bay,
Japan would have six ter-
minals to receive liquid gas
by the end of this year.

Altogether, Kvamadal
said, there are 11 liquid gas
trading routes in the world,
three being developed and
nine being considered.

Walker, meanwhile,
agreed that “absolute safety
cannot be provided from any
system where large quan-
tities of energy are stored,
transported or used.”

Many studies, he said,
ignore the risks involved in
the allernatives to liquid gas.

And, in any case, the
future of liquid gas ship-
ments ‘'may ultimately
depend on the urgency of the
gas shortage,” Walker said.

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