Photo shows South Vietnam-
ese youth training to fight for

their country’s freedom
against the U.S. and puppet
troops. U.S. military men are
becoming desperate over the

resistance being offered by
the people. Latest reports are
that nearly 15,000 U.S.
troops are now in South Viet-
nam.

S. Vietnam used as
US war laboratory

HE Civil War in South Viet-
fee is being used by the Pen-
tagon as a laboratory for test-
ing new weapons and tactics on
live targets.

A dispatch from Saigon in the -

“Wall Street Journal’? Nov. 9
reported that Army, Air Force
and Marine officers have been
assigned to South Vietnam to re-
port on such things as ‘‘the best
method for dive bombers to drop
tanks of flaming napalm through
the heavy ceiling of jungle tree-
tops’”’ and the effectiveness of
such weapons as ‘hip-pocket-size
flame throwers.”

We’re putting a lot into this
war,’’ an Army officer told the
“Journal.” ‘“‘We’d be fools not
to get something out of it,’’ What
the Pentagon is getting out of it,
according to Maj. Gen. Charles
J. Timmes, chief of U.S. forces
in Vietnam, is that: ‘‘our mili-
tary advisers here are gaining
first-hand knowledge for the kind
of war the U.S. might have to
‘fight elsewhere. Out of their ex-
perience we’re developing our
own doctrine for waging uncon-
ventional war. This is the best
laboratory for learning the tech-
niques of infiltration, ambushes,
counter - ambushes and night
patrols.”’

The Army has been sending
special training instructors to
Vietnam ‘“‘with no other assign-
ment except to look, learn and
then take their observations back

to training camps in the US.,”
according to the ‘‘Journal.”’

The Marine-Corps has also sent
officers to observe how the Viet-
namese ‘“‘conduct amphibious as-
saults against the communists in
the swamps and flooded delta re-
gions.”

The Air Force rotates its
crews every six months, the
paper said, to give the men “a,
taste of flying from short, dirt
fields, parachuting supplies to
remote mountain spots and oc-
casionally being shot at.’’ One
pilot said, “This is the only
chance for a young officer to fly
in what amounts to combat. I‘m
getting invaluable experience.”’

In addition to the pocket-size
flame throwers, the U.S. sup-
plied Vietnamese troops with
lightweight, plastic-stock Arma-
lite rifles and a new type of
mine which can be detonated
electrically with a flashlight
battery. These weapons are not
yet regulation for U.S. military
use.

The effectiveness of the experi-
ments on Vietnamese opinion has
been less successful, Malcome
Browne, Associated Press corres-
pondent in Saigon, reported that
U.S., ‘military personnel have
been stoned repeatedly by the
Vietnamese soldiers of Ngo Dinh
Diem’s government. Browne him-
self was once a_ target while
riding with U.S. officers.

—National Guardian, N.Y.

‘Art and Individual’ to
feature in Marxist Review

OTED Soviet film director

Grigori Chukhari is the
author of an article “‘Art and
the Individual’? in the current
January issue of World Marxist
Review.

Chukhrai will be remembered
as the director of the film ‘“‘Ballad
of a Soldier,’ ‘“‘The Forty-First”’
both of which brought wide ac-
claim when shown on Canadian
screens.

The writer evaluates western

bourgeois decadent trends in film

art, pays tribute to the positive
strivings among progressive film
workers and sets out his views
on humanism.

Articles by Todor Zhivkovy, first
secretary of the Bulgarian Com-
munist Party and Kjeld Osterling
of Denmark focus ont the world-
wide discusion in the Communist
movement on peaceful co-exist-
ence. Summaries of positions
taken by delegations at the recent
Hungariian, Italian and Czecho-
slovakian Communist Party con-
ventions are given.

U.N. REPORT SHOWS

Economic rise in ‘62
grinding to halt

orld capitalism showed
W an upswing of seven
percent in industrial output
during the first half of 1962
as compared with the same
period in. the previous year.
But the gain, which brought
production back to the 1960
level after the sharp decline
in 1961, is not likely to con-
tinue into 1963.

This is suggested by statis-
tics and information issued
by the United Nations for the
second half of 1962.

The U.N. figures also show
that the economies of western
Europe, particularly those of
the six-nation European Com-
mon Market, are running out
of steam, and that the up-
ward trend in world capital-
ist production came about
only because of economic de-
velopments in the United
States and Canada.

These two countries (with
the U.S. having the _lion’s
share) account for more than
47 percent of world capital-
ist production and exert a
powerful influence on it.

This was the case during
the 1960-61 recession in the
U.S. and Canada which ~de-
pressed the capitalist world’s
annual production gain from
7 percent in 1960 to 3 per-
cent in 1961.

When the U.S. and Canada
emerged from that recession
the result was a higher rate
of expansion in the capitalist
world for a short period,
which produced the 7 percent
production gain in 1962.

In the first nine months of
1962 U.S. industrial output
rose by 10 percent while in
the first seven months of the
year Canadian industrial pro-
duction rose by 9 percent.

But in the other major cap-
italist countries, industrial
output either rose very slight-
ly or held its own. And the
U.S.-Canadian jump in _pro-
duction had built-in down-
grading features.

These world capitalist eco-
nomic trends and their causes
are examined by two Soviet
writers in an-article in the
Dec. 26 issue of the weekly
Soviet ' publication, New
Times.

e

- Quoting U.N. and official
U.S. government studies, the
authors show that the main
reason for the U.S. and Cana-
dian rise in industrial produc-
tion was increased govern-
ment spending, notably for
military purposes, in both
countries. Such government
spending had set off a chain
reaction in various spheres of
the economy.

A rise in Canada’s exports
was also said to be a factor
for this country’s increase in
industrial production.

But the article added, in a
warning about the months to
come, “while moderating the
scale and impact of crises,
more military spending, con-
struction of roads and other
strategic and ancillary pro-
jects make it more difficult
to resolve crisis antagonisms,
tend to increase these antag-
onisms and shorten the cyc-
lical growth period.

“In Africa, for instance, the
industrial production index
has remained unchanged
since July at 119 (1957 100).

The article lists the major
‘problems facing the Ameri-
can economy:

First, considerable underca-
pacity operation of industry
and, associated with this, rel-
atively low investments. Pri-
vate investment (in 1954
prices) in the first half of 1962
were running at an annual
rate for $63,700 million as
against $66,700 million on the
eve of the 1961 recession.

e

Second, a high level of full
and partial unemployment —
at the close of September the
official figure of fully unem-
ployed stood at 4,167,000, or
5.8 percent of total employ-
ment.

Third, balance of payments
deficit, drain on gold and pro-
gressive loss of confidence in
the dollar.

In 1962 the increase in Can-
adws gross national product
is estimated at 7 percent. But
since the rise in the GNP
mainly results from increased
inventories, most economists
think the country will be
lucky to reach an increase of
3 percent in the GNP in 1963.

Again, “integrated” as it is
with the U.S. economy, Can-
ada’s economic outlook will
be affected by the downturn
indicators already present
south of the border.

And, since the ups and
downs of the U.S. and Cana-
dian economies directly af-
fect those of the rest of the
capitalist world, the Western
world would seem to have no
cause for optimism.

Any such optimistic view
has already been dimmed, as
the New Times article points
out.

In western Europe, indus-
trial expansion in 1962 in-
creased by only 2 percent,
compared with 5 percent in
1961 and 10 percent in 1960.
Metal production was even
down 3 percent in the first
half of 1962, yet not so long
ago steel was one of the fast-
est developing industries.

In the Common Market
countries, which account for
86 percent of total industrial
output in capitalist continen-
tal Europe, the gross gain in

production was only 3 per- ©

cent for the first half of 1962
as against 6 percent in the
same period of 1961.

Only the economies of
France and Italy continued to

rise at a high rate.
>

The falling-off symptoms of
the Common Market  econo-
mies are causing wide con-
cern. Last November there
were reports that the Com-
mon Market Commission was
drawing up anti-crisis mea-
sures to deal with a possible
recession in 1963.

West Germany’s ‘economic
miracle” has also petered out,
with that country’s growth
rate declining since 1961. A
recent bulletin of the West
German Federal Bank reports
a cut-back in orders for pro-
ducer goods and predicts a
drop in production unless or-
ders are sharply increased in
the near future.

The British economy has
been stagnated for most of
1962, with manufacturing, the
backbone of the British econ-
omy, even suffering a slight
decline. Unemployment is at
the highest rate since 1940.

The basic causes of west-
ern Europe’s economic deter-
ioration are first, steadily de-
creasing demand, notably for
plant and equipment, and sec-
ond, mounting marketing dif--
ficulties in markets outside
western Europe.

This is particularly true in
Britain and West Germany
which together account for
more than half of western
Europe’s industrial output.

In Britain orders for eng-
ineering goods for the home
market were 8 percent less in
June, 1962 than in June, 1961,
the result of smaller private
investments. These were
down 7 percent in the first
half of 1962 from the second
half of 1961.

In West Germany new ins
vestments, which increased at
an annual rate of 10 percent -
in 1958-61, rose by only 3.5
percent in the first half of
1962 compared with the same
period of 1961.

Western Europe’s exports
have shown no advance since.
1961 when they even dropped
1 percent. In 1959 and 1960
the cyclical growth in west-
ern Europe was largely due
to a 9 and 7 percent increase
respectively in sales to mark-
ets outside of western Europe.

Japan’s industrial produc-
tion has slowed to an increase
of 15 percent in the first half .
of 1962, as compared to in-
creases of 22, 27 and 24 per-
cent in 1961, 1960 and 1959.

“I’m experimenting with a new production method.” |

Feb. 1, 1963—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 8