Photo shows South Vietnam- ese youth training to fight for their country’s freedom against the U.S. and puppet troops. U.S. military men are becoming desperate over the resistance being offered by the people. Latest reports are that nearly 15,000 U.S. troops are now in South Viet- nam. S. Vietnam used as US war laboratory HE Civil War in South Viet- fee is being used by the Pen- tagon as a laboratory for test- ing new weapons and tactics on live targets. A dispatch from Saigon in the - “Wall Street Journal’? Nov. 9 reported that Army, Air Force and Marine officers have been assigned to South Vietnam to re- port on such things as ‘‘the best method for dive bombers to drop tanks of flaming napalm through the heavy ceiling of jungle tree- tops’”’ and the effectiveness of such weapons as ‘hip-pocket-size flame throwers.” We’re putting a lot into this war,’’ an Army officer told the “Journal.” ‘“‘We’d be fools not to get something out of it,’’ What the Pentagon is getting out of it, according to Maj. Gen. Charles J. Timmes, chief of U.S. forces in Vietnam, is that: ‘‘our mili- tary advisers here are gaining first-hand knowledge for the kind of war the U.S. might have to ‘fight elsewhere. Out of their ex- perience we’re developing our own doctrine for waging uncon- ventional war. This is the best laboratory for learning the tech- niques of infiltration, ambushes, counter - ambushes and night patrols.”’ The Army has been sending special training instructors to Vietnam ‘“‘with no other assign- ment except to look, learn and then take their observations back to training camps in the US.,” according to the ‘‘Journal.”’ The Marine-Corps has also sent officers to observe how the Viet- namese ‘“‘conduct amphibious as- saults against the communists in the swamps and flooded delta re- gions.” The Air Force rotates its crews every six months, the paper said, to give the men “a, taste of flying from short, dirt fields, parachuting supplies to remote mountain spots and oc- casionally being shot at.’’ One pilot said, “This is the only chance for a young officer to fly in what amounts to combat. I‘m getting invaluable experience.”’ In addition to the pocket-size flame throwers, the U.S. sup- plied Vietnamese troops with lightweight, plastic-stock Arma- lite rifles and a new type of mine which can be detonated electrically with a flashlight battery. These weapons are not yet regulation for U.S. military use. The effectiveness of the experi- ments on Vietnamese opinion has been less successful, Malcome Browne, Associated Press corres- pondent in Saigon, reported that U.S., ‘military personnel have been stoned repeatedly by the Vietnamese soldiers of Ngo Dinh Diem’s government. Browne him- self was once a_ target while riding with U.S. officers. —National Guardian, N.Y. ‘Art and Individual’ to feature in Marxist Review OTED Soviet film director Grigori Chukhari is the author of an article “‘Art and the Individual’? in the current January issue of World Marxist Review. Chukhrai will be remembered as the director of the film ‘“‘Ballad of a Soldier,’ ‘“‘The Forty-First”’ both of which brought wide ac- claim when shown on Canadian screens. The writer evaluates western bourgeois decadent trends in film art, pays tribute to the positive strivings among progressive film workers and sets out his views on humanism. Articles by Todor Zhivkovy, first secretary of the Bulgarian Com- munist Party and Kjeld Osterling of Denmark focus ont the world- wide discusion in the Communist movement on peaceful co-exist- ence. Summaries of positions taken by delegations at the recent Hungariian, Italian and Czecho- slovakian Communist Party con- ventions are given. U.N. REPORT SHOWS Economic rise in ‘62 grinding to halt orld capitalism showed W an upswing of seven percent in industrial output during the first half of 1962 as compared with the same period in. the previous year. But the gain, which brought production back to the 1960 level after the sharp decline in 1961, is not likely to con- tinue into 1963. This is suggested by statis- tics and information issued by the United Nations for the second half of 1962. The U.N. figures also show that the economies of western Europe, particularly those of the six-nation European Com- mon Market, are running out of steam, and that the up- ward trend in world capital- ist production came about only because of economic de- velopments in the United States and Canada. These two countries (with the U.S. having the _lion’s share) account for more than 47 percent of world capital- ist production and exert a powerful influence on it. This was the case during the 1960-61 recession in the U.S. and Canada which ~de- pressed the capitalist world’s annual production gain from 7 percent in 1960 to 3 per- cent in 1961. When the U.S. and Canada emerged from that recession the result was a higher rate of expansion in the capitalist world for a short period, which produced the 7 percent production gain in 1962. In the first nine months of 1962 U.S. industrial output rose by 10 percent while in the first seven months of the year Canadian industrial pro- duction rose by 9 percent. But in the other major cap- italist countries, industrial output either rose very slight- ly or held its own. And the U.S.-Canadian jump in _pro- duction had built-in down- grading features. These world capitalist eco- nomic trends and their causes are examined by two Soviet writers in an-article in the Dec. 26 issue of the weekly Soviet ' publication, New Times. e - Quoting U.N. and official U.S. government studies, the authors show that the main reason for the U.S. and Cana- dian rise in industrial produc- tion was increased govern- ment spending, notably for military purposes, in both countries. Such government spending had set off a chain reaction in various spheres of the economy. A rise in Canada’s exports was also said to be a factor for this country’s increase in industrial production. But the article added, in a warning about the months to come, “while moderating the scale and impact of crises, more military spending, con- struction of roads and other strategic and ancillary pro- jects make it more difficult to resolve crisis antagonisms, tend to increase these antag- onisms and shorten the cyc- lical growth period. “In Africa, for instance, the industrial production index has remained unchanged since July at 119 (1957 100). The article lists the major ‘problems facing the Ameri- can economy: First, considerable underca- pacity operation of industry and, associated with this, rel- atively low investments. Pri- vate investment (in 1954 prices) in the first half of 1962 were running at an annual rate for $63,700 million as against $66,700 million on the eve of the 1961 recession. e Second, a high level of full and partial unemployment — at the close of September the official figure of fully unem- ployed stood at 4,167,000, or 5.8 percent of total employ- ment. Third, balance of payments deficit, drain on gold and pro- gressive loss of confidence in the dollar. In 1962 the increase in Can- adws gross national product is estimated at 7 percent. But since the rise in the GNP mainly results from increased inventories, most economists think the country will be lucky to reach an increase of 3 percent in the GNP in 1963. Again, “integrated” as it is with the U.S. economy, Can- ada’s economic outlook will be affected by the downturn indicators already present south of the border. And, since the ups and downs of the U.S. and Cana- dian economies directly af- fect those of the rest of the capitalist world, the Western world would seem to have no cause for optimism. Any such optimistic view has already been dimmed, as the New Times article points out. In western Europe, indus- trial expansion in 1962 in- creased by only 2 percent, compared with 5 percent in 1961 and 10 percent in 1960. Metal production was even down 3 percent in the first half of 1962, yet not so long ago steel was one of the fast- est developing industries. In the Common Market countries, which account for 86 percent of total industrial output in capitalist continen- tal Europe, the gross gain in production was only 3 per- © cent for the first half of 1962 as against 6 percent in the same period of 1961. Only the economies of France and Italy continued to rise at a high rate. > The falling-off symptoms of the Common Market econo- mies are causing wide con- cern. Last November there were reports that the Com- mon Market Commission was drawing up anti-crisis mea- sures to deal with a possible recession in 1963. West Germany’s ‘economic miracle” has also petered out, with that country’s growth rate declining since 1961. A recent bulletin of the West German Federal Bank reports a cut-back in orders for pro- ducer goods and predicts a drop in production unless or- ders are sharply increased in the near future. The British economy has been stagnated for most of 1962, with manufacturing, the backbone of the British econ- omy, even suffering a slight decline. Unemployment is at the highest rate since 1940. The basic causes of west- ern Europe’s economic deter- ioration are first, steadily de- creasing demand, notably for plant and equipment, and sec- ond, mounting marketing dif-- ficulties in markets outside western Europe. This is particularly true in Britain and West Germany which together account for more than half of western Europe’s industrial output. In Britain orders for eng- ineering goods for the home market were 8 percent less in June, 1962 than in June, 1961, the result of smaller private investments. These were down 7 percent in the first half of 1962 from the second half of 1961. In West Germany new ins vestments, which increased at an annual rate of 10 percent - in 1958-61, rose by only 3.5 percent in the first half of 1962 compared with the same period of 1961. Western Europe’s exports have shown no advance since. 1961 when they even dropped 1 percent. In 1959 and 1960 the cyclical growth in west- ern Europe was largely due to a 9 and 7 percent increase respectively in sales to mark- ets outside of western Europe. Japan’s industrial produc- tion has slowed to an increase of 15 percent in the first half . of 1962, as compared to in- creases of 22, 27 and 24 per- cent in 1961, 1960 and 1959. “I’m experimenting with a new production method.” | Feb. 1, 1963—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 8