“ppatatus of oppression directed against the national-
tion movement of the Latin American peoplesy

tba has for three years of the revolution experienced
MOUS attempts of interference on the part of the Yan-
ss in our domestic affairs. United States pirate planes
;_. "€ to our plantations, They destroyed millions of arro-
f sugar cane. Acts of international sabotage commit-
RS fe uitited States agents as for example the explosion
€ ship “Le Coubre” cost the lives of dozens of Cubans;

Be quantities of weapons of the most diverse type were
hag by parachute on our territory by the U.S. armed
tons for Conducting subversive activities; hundreds of
3 Were oo erlosives, a large number of infernal machines
: 0 or Secretly delivered to cur coast by U.S. ships in order
Was mae acts of sabotage and terror, One. Cuban worker

rtured at the Guantanamo naval base. :

Tot foreign ministers on meeting in Punta del Este did
“ra, ven reproach the U.S. government and those govern-
ts Who actually are accomplices of these aggressions.
-©xpelled Cuba, a Latin American country, who was

Th Victim, who was subjected to aggression. :

: — United States has military pacts with countries on

> militag nents: it has joined military blocs of all fascist,
mst and reactionary governments throughout the

4G

St
ae NATO, SEATO and CENTO, to which the OAS
Vietn tow be added. It interferes in the affairs of Laos,
» Korea, and Formosa, attempts to impose its will
rlin and declares its intention to use its allies in
JAS 2 Set up a trade blockade against Cuba, and the
~~ TOWS nothing of this. .
ey orcign ministers assemble and expel Cuba which
n military pacts with any country. Thus, the govern-
at organizes subversive activities throughout the
continent” that knocks together military blocs on four
accusing. h Strives for Cuba’s expulsion from the OAS
‘ te €r no more nor less than of subversive activities
kG, eo Countries on other continents. :
to hun Beas Latin American country which has given land
Work th S of thousands, of small farmers, has provided
the coun year round on farms and in cooperatives to all
Tacks my’s agricultural workers, has transformed bar-
i a into Schools, has granted scholarships to 60,000
‘Of "universities, secondary and vocational schools,
_ “ped out illiteracy, has built schools for all the
a medion me country, has expanded four-fold the network
ich - cal establishments, has nationalized enterprises
System longed to the monopolies, has liquidated, the
Means _‘buse which has transformed housing into a
Memplov...°*Ploiting the people, has sharply reduced
ne ment, has destroyed racial discrimination and
 Detween men and women, has put an end to
» Aas destroyed corruption in the administrative
Man : has armed the people, has ensured the right
i ie es men and women from exploitation, from
Bigsc “And social inequality,
#8 country which has freed herself from all forms
‘lai thet, Omination, has won complete sovereignty, has
“no Jongendation of her economic development and today
Coda nger & One-crop country exporting raw material.
Meriogn te is being expelled from the Organization of
Provide th States by governments that were unable to
the fir peoples with a single one of these gains. How
¥ Justify their conduct to the peoples of America
a Whole world? How can they state that in accor-
bread d their point of view the policy of providing land,
uality anj"r the policy of ensuring health, freedom,
dignigy 224 culture, rapid economic development, national
Neompatin ete self-determination. and sovereignty are
‘Patible with membership in an organization of coun-
American. continent?

*oples think otherwise. The people consider that
bed ®udal exploitation, illiteracy, beggarly wages,
_Wasants a & policy of reprisals. against workers,
egroes 71, students, of restricting the rights of women,
igarchy i cl2ns, Metis, oppression .on the part of the
» the plunder of the wealth by United States mono-
ers oral oppression of the intelligentsia and art
C 76 Tuin of small producers as the: result of
abiter tion, economic backwardness, the existence
ut det localities without roads, without hospitals,
Bation ines. without schools, without an industry, the
ty and 'o imperialism, the surrender of national sover-
“of Law t@yal of the motherland—all this is not the
un America, :

7 otey. explai i i i Ited
.Cnsurin, », €Xplain their actions which have resu
Will theyt6 Cuba? How will the imperialists feel and what
ati those whom they have for that long a time
@ wh Cugh they exploited them?
vhat ..Sttdy the problems of America usually ask:
he dep cuntty came out for improving the conditions
homele. ned, the poor people, the Indians, the Negroes,
Million ¢yctildren the number of which amounted to
Mlion<yy 1950 and which within eight years will reach 50

70 raised this question, what country?

n © op tailleras, the 32 million Indians present the
of Sona entire American continent, They are

inoc 28 Some thing and not people; they are
tit i Who “are discounted and considered not to
© labor fo object to anything They are regarded to be
“fl OX toa ©. Which can be used in about the same way
: am or tractor re-used: 2

a : .
y n they believe in any benefits which they can
*eCeive from

Of the

sec ge” but which in reality oppresses, kills
Nothe. « them? It is in these conditions that natives
5 Outhern part of the continent—in Patagonia,

Advent of the seaf who discovered
Yr seatarers
oy almost 500 years ago,

Stry Of colonies of the USA, as a military alliance, as ‘

_ pects of poverty,

Where are the! great races: that ‘inhabited the north of»

Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia, such, for instance, as the
Guarani, who were ruthlessly exterminated like animals
and the remnants of whom are now buried alive in the
remotest jungle hinterland? What is taking’place today in
this reservation for the native population which could have
given rise to a great civilization of America and the death
of which is a matter of a near future today; a population
which.has been driven in America deep into the Paraguayan
plains and Bolivian plateaus? They are sad melancholy
primitive tribes which have grown coarse and fallen into
decay under the influence of alcohol and narcotics. Among
them only a few survive in these inhuman (and not only
in the sense of food) conditions in which they are compelled
to live.

Where is this chain of human hands stretching, almost
hopelessly, as has been the case over the past centuries
as well, along the slopes of the Cordilleras, along the folds
and gorges of these mountains, and farther on to the
expanses of the valleys of the great rivers and in forest
thickets, stretching to link up their suffering with the
suffering of those who also are slowly dying out, namely,
of the various tribes of Brazil and the northern part of the
continent, right up to the 100,000 . people of the Motilon
tribe in Venezuela, who live in conditions of unbelievable
backwardness and are locked up within the confines of the
jungle, the Amazon valley or in the Perija mountains, or
the Vapichana tribe, which lives in complete isolation in
the sun-scorched lands of Guiana and awaits its end, for-

gotten by almost all mankind?

what can imperialism offer to all these 32 million
‘dias scattered foi the U.S. border to the southern
extremity of our southern hemisphere, as well as to the
45 million Metis, who in most cases “differ but little from
the Indians? What can it offer to these natives except its
oppressive system of forced work and deprivation of all
rights? How can these people believe that any good oa
be forthcoming to them from these blood-stained hands?
For there are tribes which walk practically naked; there
are tribes supposed to engage in cannibalism; there are

-tribes which die out like insects at first contact with civiliza-

ion; are tribes which are deprived of land, i.e.,
pos tes their land and forced to retreat to the forests
or mountains, or into the very depths of the pampas and
jungle reached by not even the least manifestation of
culture, reached by neither light nor bread, reached by
ing at all... .
en oh this ‘‘Alliance for Progress” merely a means of
speeding up the death of these native tribes oppressed over
the centuries, shot for their lands, clubbed to death because

‘their people cannot work as fast as is demanded by imperi-

i ich exploits them and uses their labor? :
ra at abou the Negroes? What can they receive
from this “Alliance” with its lynching system, with | its
brutal oppression of the Negro population of the United
States, when the 15 million Negroes and 14 million mulattoes
in the Latin American countries learn with horror and
indignation that their brothers in the north have no right

i i i ite fellow-country-
‘to travel in the same cars with their white fell
“men, to attend the same schools—even ‘to die in the’ same

Sass
soles all these oppressed ethnical minorities ‘believe
imperialism, in its good deeds and its “alliances ak
merely help lynch them and exploit them as slaves)?
These masses, which could in no degree use the benefits
of a cultural, social or professional nature, although they
represent the majority of the population’ of their euuniries
and number many millions, these masses experience peu
treatment on the part of the rabid Ku Klux Klan imperial-

ists; they are ghettoed in the unhealthiest city blocks, in

inferi i i them; they
most inferior tenements built especially for them; |
ue given only the dirtiest, hardest and worst-paid jobs.
They are completely barred from universities, scientific
establishments and private schools. 3:

*

What can the “Alliance for Progress” give these 106

illi en and women of our America weighed down by
eeense an cities and in fields, these Negroes and Indians,

Metis and mulattoes, whose dark skin so repulses these
colonialists? ted nis
eHow can this so-called ‘Alliance for Progress” be believed
in by the residents of Panama, who see with paves
wrath different wage levels being established in their
country: one for the Yankees, another ae the Panamanians,

who are looked upon as a lower race? ae
What can be expected from it by the workers receiving
starvation wages and engaged in the most ardhogs orem
tions in the worst conditions and suffering comes au Ti-
tion, disease and all the evils which poverty rings?
What words can be spoken and what boons offered by

imperialism to the miners who mine copper, tin, iron and

coal and poison their lungs working for the sake of the

“profits of their far-off cruel bosses? What can it offer to

d sons, to whole. generations of -working
fe : a Se camps and on rubber, maté, fruit, coffee
ee sugar-cane ‘plantations, to the peons on the ' pampas
ead llanos, who create the wealth of their exploiters at the
cost of their health and life?

What else can be expected by these multi-million masses, —

producing all the wealth and creating all the values, which

helped build up_ the New World, from imperialism, with «

d rapacious reach, except new pros-
cease starvation, and cold till
the end of their days? ae eet

ed by the class, which changed the
ae ees ae already revolutionized other
Seas. of the world and represents the vanguard of all

its greedy appetite

~ humiliated and exploited people, from imperialism, its most
~ relentless enemy?

pro: better and more just

dvantages, prospects of a r ust

a Wa in overcoming all obstacles can Rasaime

a offer to teachers, professors, men and women be
tree professions, writers, actors, artists—in general,

«whole of~ the ‘intelligentsia, i.e., people educating whole
' generations of children and youth, who will later be en-

‘slaved by imperialism? : :
~ What can imperialism offer these people surviving in

most of our countries on meagre earnings, and restricted

‘in practically all our countries in the right to freely express

their political and public views, and’ whose living standard

never rises above the most modest and insecure conditions

of existence? What can imperialism offer them except a
drab and hopeless life, killing all inspiration and . making
it impossible to make both ends meet?

What “‘benefits” and “‘alliances” can imperialism propose
except putting them fully at their own service? If they do
occasionally lend assistance in carrying out their profession-
al and creative jobs and publishing their works, it is done
always under indispensable condition that this creative
effort should promote the aims of imperialism.

These aims fully expose the negative character of impet-
ialism. Works of literature, trying to reflect the true state
of affairs in the world of imperialism’s piratic gambles;
verses, protesting against enslavement and its intrusion
in all aspects of life, mental processes, and mood of the
masses; works of art, conceived in a militant spirit and
striving tc show both the external expression and the very
essence of aggression and constant pressure on all that
progress exists and thrives on, everything that is revolu-
tionary, teaches to appreciate light, consciousness, clarity
and beauty, and spurs people and whole nations to a
brighter future and to the summits of thinking, life and
justice—all this meets with the most furious resistance of
imperialism, comes up against a blind wall, evokes con-
‘demnation and McCarthyist persecution. Whoever tries to
work this way meets with refusal. His name is struck out
of the press. A tombstone is prepared. for him and he is
buried alive in.a world of complete silence. , . .

What an absurdity and a contradiction of imperialism
(one more ina big list of contradictions) it is when any
writer, poet, artist, sculptor, any worker of art or of science,
beginning to create in this spirit of truth and the language
of his people and reflecting the aspirations of millions of
his compatriots, is attacked by imperialism. The latter
distorts his works and tries to divert him onto another
road, one which is advantageous to imperialism. It spends
a good deal of dollars to buy up words and paintings, and,
if necessary, to secure silence, and also to deom to silence
all. manifestations of thinking of the revolutionaries and
progressive people, of all who are waging a battle for their

people and the solution of their problems. . . .

*

In this general, sad picture, we cannot forget the fate
of the children, disinherited, deprived of a proper education,
children of America, having no prospects whatsoever for
the future.

America is a continent distinguished by its high birth
rate, but it is also distinguished by its high rate of mortality

Several years ago mortality of infants up to the age of
one year reached 125 per 1,000 in 11 American countries,
and 90 in the remaining dozen countries, whereas in 102
other countries of the world the average was only 51. We
thus sadly learn that 75 more children per 1,000 die in
the first year of life in America than in the rest of the
world. Yet there are some places in Latin American
countries where the rate reaches as high as 300 per 1,000.

Many thousands of youngsters up to the age of seven
die in American countries of different illnesses—stomach
ailments, pneumonia, malnutrition and hunger: thousands
of them die of these. diseases without hospital treatment

- or medical care and without medicines. Thousands of people,

roaming from place to place, are victims of mass-scale
cretinism, malaria, trachoma and other diseases, engendered

_by infection, and the lack of good water and other condi-

tions essential for healthy human life.

Calamities of this kind are like chains for Latin America,
where thousands of outcasts, the children of poor people
and the middle classes, dragging out a miserable existence

- and possessing scanty means, are slowly dying. The facts,

of which there are more than enough available are shock-
ing. Hundreds of them are quoted in all the official publi-
cations of international organizations. :

- As for education, Latin America’s backwardness in this
field is terrible. Whereas in the United States all persons at
the age of 15 and older have from eight to nine years of
schooling on the average, in Latin America, which is plun-
dered and exploited by the United States, the same age

_ groups have a schooling of less than one year on the

average.

What is even more outrageous, of all the children be-
tween 5 and 14 years of age only 20 percent enter school
in some countries while the percentage for the more devel-
oped countries is 60. This means that more than a half

_ of Latin American children do not go to school. Sadder still

is the fact that whereas more than 80 percent of those who
enter school finish three grades, only from 6 to 22 per per-
cent finish six grades. Even in the countries which think

' that they have shown appropriate concern for their children

the percentage of pupils leaving school between grade one
and six is 73 on the average. The percentage for pre-revolu-
tionary Cuba was 74. The percentage for Colombia, this
country of “representative democracy,” is 78 And only one
percent of children reach Grade 5 at the very best in the

~ countryside.

If the causes of this calamity are examined, everything
will be explained by one thing: poverty-stricken economy
— a shortage of schools, a shortage of teachers, the lack
of money in the families, child labor . . . and, in the final
analysis, imperialism, imperialist oppression and the back-

" wardness caused by it.

“' As a result of these abominable living conditions, charac-

_ teristic of the whole of Latin America, four people a minute,

5,500 a day, 2,000,000 a year and 10,000,000 every five fee
die of hunger or of diseases that could have been cur i
in this region with its population of almost 200,000,000 peo-

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