PAGE 4, THE HERALD, Thursday, October 13, 1977 —(the herald) x Published by Sterling Publishers General Office - 635-6357 Circulation (Terrace) - 635-6357 (Kitimat) - 632-4209 PUBLISHER... W.R. (BILL) LOISELLE . MANAGING EDITOR... STU DUCKLOW Published every weekday af 3772 Kalum St. Terrace B.C. A member of Varifled Circulation. Authorized #5 second class mall, Registration number 1201. Postage pal. . cash, return postage guaranteed. NOTE OF COPYRIGHT The Herald retain: full. complete and sole copyright in any advertisement produced snd-or any: editorial or photographic content published In the Herald, Reproduction Is not permitted without the written permission of the Publisher, \.. oe Interpreting The News Trade policies opposed at home ,. WASHINGTON (CP) — Once again, Jimmy Carter’s liberal trade philosophy is under intense domestic pressure Which possibly may force him into protectionist action. Thestakes are greater this time than they were in earlier disputes involving imports of shoes and ‘color television gets. The steel industry, which is seeking to curb low-priced foreign competition, has laid off 18,000 U.S. workers in recent months and has closed several million tons of capacity. : ft between conflicting forces, Carter in the two pre- vious disputes chose the middle ground, where domestic in- dustries would get some protection but U.S. efforts to liberalize trade would not be undermined. The U.S. International Trade Commission recommended tariff increases in both the earlier cases, but Carter instead negotiated “voluntary” export restraints with key sup- pliers South Korea and Taiwan for shoes, Japan for color levision sets. ; But he may find it much more difficult to try a similar “compromise with steal. European steel producers have offered to restrain ex- rts to the United States if Japan takes the same action but dusiry commissioner Etienne Davignon of the European Common Market has already registered strong objection to any such approval. ' LEAD TO WAR “I do not believe that you can solve problems b restricting markets,” Davignon told reporters. “That wi only lead to commercial wars.” e basic problem, he said, is that U.S., European and Japanese steelmakers have in total far too much ca acity and there should be international pruning of the in ustry. Meanwhile, U.S. steel companies and such labor leaders as president Lioyd McBride of the United Steel Workers are insisting on import restrictions and they have powerful One ally is.Congress, where all 435 House seats and one- third of Senate seats are at stake in elections next year. The other ally is the 1974 trade act, the provisions of which are 4 major impediment to Carter’s liberal trade efforts. The 1974 changes, which are just now having their impact in several industries, freed U.S. industries from having to prove that their troubles are caused by imports and follow riff cuts. The changes also made it easier for U.S. forms to initiate anti-dumping and countervailing duty measures. GETS RESPECT Carter has won some reluctant respect for thus far avoid- ing formal protectionist steps, but some economists feel that the voluntary-quota approach is in some respect worse, Asserting that disturbing patterns” are emerging in trade policy under Carter, William Cline of the Brookings titution wrote recently, ‘‘An unfortunate feature of these emerging patterns is the reliance on quotas, whether ‘voluntary’ for isolated export- ers or imposed on all parties within a general agreement ‘organizing’ a market. “In. economic terms quotas are disastrous. They limit availability regardless of price, whereas tariffs at least permit more imports to enter if consumers are willing to pay the penalty. “Quotas are also unfair to new producers, such as the de- veloping ‘countries, because market allocations are typically apportioned on the basis of past shares. The case of shoes dramatically illustrates the point; it was two developing countries, Korea and Taiwan, that were forced to cut back exports, not the more established European suppli , Italy and Spain.” this view, even the poorest countries have a stake in the steel controversy, They may have no prospect of ever selling steel to the United States but if they are to build up the export markets they so desperately need, all pressures to erect tariff walls around the United States raise a worrisome challenge. HERMAN PIAIT Univeral Prem Syodicote ‘ef 4 .. fou may as well know they made me ‘Assistant a Floor Manager’ today.” ZA 150 miles and 30 years to build -Vietnam’s incredible tunnels CU CHI, VIETNAM (AP) — As Lt.-Col, George Eyster lay dying from Viet Cong sniper bullet wounds on a jungle trail, he said to me: “Before I go I'd like to talk to the guy who controls those incredible men in the tunnels.” Eleven years later 1 met that man and he showed me the inside of the fantastic tunnel octopus that took 30 years to dig and stretched 150 miles, with tentacles sometimes winding right under the chairs of U.S. commanders as they sat in their headquarters. Eyster died in a field hospital while his battalion, the 2nd of the 28th Regiment, 1st U.S. Infantry Division, was trying to fight its way out of the vast un- derground network 20 miles northwest of Saigon. The now peaceful tunnels were on the itinerary of a German tourist group I travelled with on a rare two- week trip to Vietnam. A briefing officers at district headquarters was Capt. Even Fran For decades French goyern-ments have made unity a main principle. But there are those in France who hold out against uniformity @irected from Paris, By MORT ROSENBLUM QUIMPER, France (AP) — "Paris is choking us, as colonizers do everywhere,”’ said a young physics rofessor in a woollen rittany fisherman’s sweater, “‘Remember: the Breton people exist.” Despite centuries of centralization, France still is a country of distinct parts, and new insistence on cultural identity has Nguyen Thanh Linh, who said he had commanded the Cu Chi Liberation Battalion during 1966. OPPOSED AMERICANS That was the unit the American colonel’s bat- talion had opposed. The slightly-built, 45-year-old Capt. Linh said intelligence reports had informed him at the time that the opposing American battalion com- mander had been killed. Of the 600 men in the Cu- Chi battalion that fought Eyster’s Black’ Lions in January, 1966, only four survived the war, two of- ficers and two non-commis- sioned officers, said Linh. The battalion itself “was wiped out several times. Each time we reconstructed it. In the whole sector we lost 12,000 men in the course of the war.” Beneath the former Vietnam battlefields, at one, two and three levels un- derground, was a twistin ectepus of tunnels an caverns stretching from Cu - Chi towards Saigon and the brought heated words, terrorist dynamiting and, in isolated cases, bloodshed. Demands are increasing for loca] participation in decisions and protection of minority cultures. A few want autonomy in a federal system or independence from France. Scattered explosions and demonstrations trouble the placid provincial life ir orsica, the Pyreners region in the southeast and the Alsace area bordering West Germany as well as in this western salient of France jutting into the English Channel, ~ surrounding provincia ca) tals. humid ; e slippery, humid corri- dors, about two feet wide and two feet high, blocked with wooden trapdoors at underground intersections, spanned the history of the whole Vietnam war, from the days when Communist agents hid from the French police until Saigon was taken. “As more . American soldiers arrived to occupy the surface above, the more we extended our system below,’’ said a senior officer at the briefing, Col. Duong Long Sang. ‘‘At the end we had a three-tier tunnel sys- tem and everything was underground the toilets, the hospitals, all our soldiers, many civilians and even water buffalo. 30 YEARS DIGGING “We literally dug for 30 years, usually in the dark, Squatting down. We carved out about a metre every eight hours, and women distributed the earth on the The Breton Liberation Front, a small band of anarchists, three years age blew up a television relay Station. The group is regarded by Bretons as im- portant for what it sym- lizes, Ff Perhaps more important than the violence are growing movements to teach disappearing minority ‘languages and to write about folklore. In two kindergartens here youngsters can speak reton instead of French. Volunteers teach the language and keep alive fraditions which have de- veloped since the Bretons— surface, hiding it under. fallen leaves.” The tunnels crept under Some U.S. positions. “Several times we knew that American field com- manders would sit like this on their metal chairs directly above us,” said Linh with a grin. The Americans attacked the tunnels with hunting dogs, then the “‘tunnel rats— small, tough Americans, like us,” Linh said, “They crawled into the tunnels with explosives and gas to blast us out. We installed more escape routes, more ers.” The Americans . tried “ flooding the tunnels and finally made regular B-52 bombing of the tunnels. “We planned the’ 1968 Tet attack against the U.S. embassy in Saigon from here,” Sang said. “It was also from here that details for the final, successful liberation of Saigon on April 30, 1975, were drawn up.”- Brittany stands apart ce has unity problems as Celts—were chased from Britain by the Angles and Saxons in the Sth and 6th centuries. ' FIGHT FOR CULTURE “This is very important because it shows that people here are willing to fight to preserve their culture,’ said Claude Champaud, a professor, governmen! adviser and anti-centralist author. “This same spirit might help resolve some of the economic ills which exacerbate the situation.” Regional enterprises are expanding, creating jobs for the region’s three million residents. Unemployment is slightly higher than the Business spotlight ternational account. Bul _ and more local control over Remove relics : VANCOUVER (CP) — Provincial museum officials jn Victoria are considering the removal of West Coast Indian relics from, an, abandoned Haida village in the Queen Charlotte Islands, says a curator. co Ninstints village om Anthony Island at the south tip of the Queen Charlottes was once occupied by 800 members of the Skidegate band, but has since been deserted. Jim Haggarty, associate curator of the archeology division, said Tuesday museum staff are studying the fn. dian village for possible removal of artifacts, including totem poles and huts, — ; Haggarty said the Skidegate band, which resides near Queen Charlotte City, prefers the village remain as a physical reminder of the white man's impact on Indian life, He said totem poles and buildings are decaying and action must be taken soon to preserve the relics. If approved by the Skidegate band removal of the artifacts would need large amounts of cash and expertise, he added. useum director Yorke Edwards and other officials studied the village Jast month and found many buildings in good shape, Haggarty said. ; Haggarty said artifacts will be removed only with the ap- proval of band members. He said provincial officials removed a few tatem poles from the village in the 1950s. ; The provincial museum has a small-scale replica of the Ninstints village on display. Election pleasing VICTORIA (CP)—British Columbia Premier Bill Bennett today welcomed the election of a Progressive Conservative government in Manitoba. Bennett, whose Social Credit government replaced a New Democratic Party administration in 1975, was commenting on Tuesday’s ousting of the NDP government of Ed Schre- yer by the Tories under leader Sterting Lyon. “I think ifs an indication that the People in Manitoba wanted. . .not only to get rid of an ND. government, but to reduce the size of government and get a more responsible economy,” Bennett said in an interview. He congratulated Lyon for the win and cautioned him that he has taken power in a crucial period of the country’s ry. Bennett said that while his 1975 victory and-the Con- servative's win on Tuesday were similar in nature—in that they both represented a significant move away from the left— there was really no comparison because the former B.C, NDP government under Dave Barrett was “far more radical" than Schreyer's. “I do know that the Schreyer government was a much more moderate government than the Barrett governemnt we replaced in British Columbia," said Bennett. mile paid tribute to Schreyer for serving well, saying he had the highest of personal regard for the out-going premier, in spite of political difference, ’ ‘ iy bag Sn td ROT Oct. 13,1977. - the {8th century, it was thé Turkish " revolutionaries the, igh " vidoe ‘dng signed the treaty of Kars massacre. Armenia was with Soviet Armenia 56 occupied by Russians in years ago toeday~in 1921— 1916, became independent in recognizing independence. 1918 and became part of the With history going back to soviet Union in 1921. the Kingdom of Ararat in 54 AD—Nero became the ninth century BC, Ar- emperor of Rome when his menia had been ruled by mother, Agrippina, Ottoman Turks since 1550. poisoned his father, Taken as a political pawn in Claudius. to smother or level the five per cent. cultural diversity of our But the prospect for nation.” He proposed that if political change is bleak. No the Bretons draft a single party is committed to ‘cultural charter’? of dismembering the national projects, the national system, and federalists are government would match too divided on other issues to focal costs. get together. | Some activists dismissed The Socialists and that as little more than the Communists promise right to sell crepes and wear elected regional assemblies star-starched headgear at national fairs. "They want to give power and recognition to a bunch national average of about finances but this con- servative Roman Catholic region traditionally votes to of politically safe old men the right. - who are concertied only with President Valery Giscard songs and dances,” said a d'Estaing visited Brittany in member of Skol Am Emsau, February and said: an outspoken protectionist “French unity has no need organization. - . ff ° | oS How multinationals rob our economy. TORONTO (CP) — Lukin Robinson of Toronto, an economist and consultant, has a hunch that big cor- porations play a more important role in Canada’s balance of payments than is generally realized. . That is why he spent much of his own time and money preparing a brief on his theory for the Royal Commission on Corporate Concentration. In the 26-page brief, he asks the commission to study the effect of corporate concentration on Canada's international trade. “The significant and complex part which large corporations play in Canada’s balance of payments is only vaguely realized and far too little is known about it,” he said. ‘This part must be under- stood if appropriate measures are to be found which will correct Canada's present dangerously ex- posed international! Position.”’ Robinson, of Murray Jones and Associates Ltd., Toronto town planners, said he has not been advised if the commission has un- dertaken such a study al- though his first brief was submitted in August, 1976. A revised brief went out last March to the commission, which is expected to bring down a report early next ear. y “T think there will have to be a change in government policy compel multinationals to behave differently," Robinson said in an interview, Robinson said he had no solid information to prove that multinationals have an adverse effect on the balance of payments. “What I have is more or less a hunch.” His concern is that such a question has not been asked. Robinson links beth Canadian and foreign- owned companies operating in Canada as subjects for the review of their impact on balance of payments. SURPLUS FADES Canada requires a growing surplus on trade in order to avoid an over-all deficit on current. in- Robinson notes in the brief that Canada's trade surplus has fallen since 1973. The surplus became a trade deficit in 1975. “Although fortunately a trade surplus was again achieved in 1976, the over-all deficit on current account was still over $4 billion.”' Even the most optimistic expect the deficit to be larger this year. In simpler terms,.a deficit on the international account means Canada is consuming more goods than _ it produces. In addition to this deficit, Robinson said more Canadian capital is being invested abroad than for- eign capital invested ir Canada. “This has not happened since the 1930s,” Another point he makes is that the interest and dividends ‘‘we pay on foreign capital invested in Canada are three times as large as the interest and dividends we receive from investments abroad,” the degree of concentration in Canada's import and export areas. Since it is known that Canadian in- dustry is highly con- centrated, he believes a high degree of concentration external trade is probable. He wants to know to what He said the problem may &Xtent the policies of the be that th i exporters and importers longer open 8 he influence prices, markets traditi . “and if the sources of supply afdtional sense. differ from what they would centration has i largely shut out com. be under free competition.’ petition, and trade between “Jig widely believed that affiliates and foreign parent where subsidiaries export to companies has taken much parent companies or af- of the place of armslength filiates abroad, the prices buying and selling between they are paid are lower than independent firms.” they would be in the open Robinson asked the market, and are higher in commission to determine the case of imports.”