The United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean

Continued from page 10

Oil-soaked doctrine

Suez Canal Company — and
the Suez crisis was in full
swing. Behind Dulles were
the U.S. oil kings, controlling
over half the Middle East’s
oil output.

Top oil men had a secret
meeting with Dulles at the
U.S. State Department, just
before he flew to London for
the first Suez conference last
August. This is revealed in a
sensational document from the
files of Socony-Vacuum — one
of the oil giants — produced
at a U.S. Senate investigation.

Among the nine firms rep-

resented at the secret get-to-
gether were Standard Oil of
New Jersey, the world’s larg-
est oil trust, Standard Oil of
California, the Texas Com-
pany, and Socony-Vacuum.

They are the co-owners of
Arabian-American Oil Com-
pany (Aramco), which controls
the fabulous oil wealth of
Saudi Arabia. They have a
share in the distribution of
Iranian oil, ‘a finger in Iraq’s
oil and in U.S. oil interests in
other Middle East countries.

At the secret meeting Dulles
stated “that he recognizes the
oil companies were very much
interested in the nationaliza-
tion issue ” and assured
them that his line would be
“that the U.S. felt it was O.K.
to nationalize only if assets
were not impressed with in-
ternational interest.”

With oil and its profits as
the chief motive, what did
Dulles aim to achieve with
his plot?

To stem the tide of national
independence, which in the
Egypt - Syria - Jordan - Saudi

Arabia alliance had a strong
nucleus. For national inde-
pendence means an end to
imperialist exploitation.

The British and French gov-
ernments played right into his
hands. By their attack on
Egypt he hoped they .would
attract the lion’s share of
hatred for colonialism, while
President gaisenhower did a
kind Uncle Sam act.

Not a widespread, full-scale
war in the Middle East—that
wouldn’t have suited the oil

kings. Just enough war to
damn Britain and France in
Arab eyes once and for all,

to weaken President Nasser's
position — and to leave the
door open for more U.S. in-
terference in the area.

So Dulles — having started
the crisis —- assumed one of
his favorite poses as “The
Peacemaker.”

But within weeks of the
end of the Suez war, off came
the mask. The Eisenhower
Doctrine for the Middle East
(chief architect: John Foster
Dulles) was pushed through
Congress, providing for direct
U.S. military intervention in
any Middle East country.

A few more weeks, and, at
Bermuda, British Prime Min-
ister Sir Harold Macmillan
was made to toe the line. The
U.S. took over leadership of
the imperialist Bagdad Pact,
and a master plan for oil, in-
cluding giant new pipelines to

the Mediterranean to lessen
the importance of the Suez
Canal, was announced.

Round the Middle East coun-
rushed James Richards,
special envoy, to sell the Eis-
enhower Doctrine. Sometimes
he persuaded with dollars. In
Lebanon, the day parliament
Was discussing the doctrine,
the U.S. giant aircraft carrier
Forrestal happened to pay a
visit and sent jets screaming
over Beirut, the capital. Par-
liament .passed the plan.

tries

In Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Pakis-
tan, Afghanistan, Libya, Rich-

-ards made his sales talk, with

a fair degree of success. Even
Saudi Arabia agreed to con-
tinue leasing the Dharran air-
base to the U.S. for another
five years.

But Egypt, Syria, Jordan,
still stood solid for national

independence, and were plan-
ning to get closer together -—
possibly in a complete federa-
tion — to strengthen each
other.

So U.S. diplomats in Jordan
promised King Hussein sup-
port — if he suppressed oppo-
sition in his country to. the
Eisenhower Doctrine and split
the three countries’ Arab unit-
ed policy.

U.S. policy is to “hold up
the hand of King Hussein,”
declared Dulles, while the king
brutally suppressed the deme-
cratically elected government
of Prime Minister Nabulsi,
banned all parties and imposed
rough martial law.

Off went the U.S. Sixth Fleet
to make sure that the king’s
hand stayed up, despite the

Canada's little known gem

Races people are probably
quite unaware of Canada’s
gem resources. Admittedly we
do not have the precious ruby
and emeralds. Sapphires? Yes
and no. The best sapphire yet
found near Combermere, On-

ario has been a grey blue,
translucent variety. But as yet
no ‘one has come across a truly
top quality sapphire. :

Diamonds? Yes and no. A
few diamonds have been found
in glacial soil swept down
from the north during the Ice
Age and it is the dream of ev-
ery prospector to stumble some
day upon their original source.

Mention any other gemstone
however, and the answer. will
be generally a straight yes.
Aquamarine — Ontario; ame-
thyst—British Columbia, On-
tario, Nova Scotia; zircons —
Ontario, Quebec; opal, jade and
peridot — British Columbia;
moonstone and. -sunstone—On-
tario; tourmaline — Ontario,
Quebec; amber—Manitoba. As
for the popular quartz miner-
als,. agate, jasper, carnelian
and: rock crystal are all found
in British Columbia, Ontario

and Nova Scotia while rose
quartz occurs in Manitoba and
Ontario.

Other lesser known stones,
but nonetheless just as attrac-
tive are the blue and green ap-
atite, yellow scapolite and
apple green prehnite, all in
Ontario, In addition, Ontario
possesses a number of richly
colored opaque stones — the
dark blue sodalite (related and
similar to lapis lazuli), yellow
cancrinite, turquoise colored
amazonstone, lavender wilson-
ite, pink perthite and the pat-
terned thomsonite while Brit-
ish Columbia has the’ rose rho-
donite, And still the list could
go on.

Granted, all of these gem-
stones do not occur in gener-
ous quantities. But whether
the small occurrences of some
indicate a scarcity or are a
clue to much larger deposits,
is a moot point.

Although the supply of good
gem quality amethyst around
Port Arthur is sadly depleted
today, large colorful crystals
were once so abundant that
local people used them to dec-

orate fireplace fronts. On the
other hand, the tantalizingly
small deposits of top quality
aquamarine found in other
parts of Ontario, suggest that
this is only the beginning. Lack
of demand for it, however,
doesn’t warrant further pros-
pecting. The pity is, this aqua-
marine is every bit as good as

Brazil’s.

Although most Canadians
may not be aware of—or in-
terested—in their gem mater-
ial, others have been.

Back in the eighteen-hund-
reds the Germans were ship-
ping boat loads of agate (some
the size of footballs). back to
their homeland where most of
the world’s agate carving is
carried on.

Again, in the gold rush days
on the Fraser River, a century
or so ago, Chinese laborers also
discovered jade boulders,
which they shipped to China
as inconspicuously as possible.
(It would be interesting to
know just how much Chinese

MAY 17, 1957 —

united opposition of the people
of Jordan.

“International Communism”
screamed King Hussein in Jor-
dan — where the Communist
party has been illegal, even
under the Nabulsi government.
But the phrase enables the
king to call on U.S. aid under
the Eisenhower Doctrine.

©

The U.S. show of strength
is intended to influence not
only events in Jordan but
equally the independent stand
of Syria and Egypt.

Said U.S. News and World
Report of the results of the
Richards mission:

“Another result, now becom-
ing clear, is to isolate the
countries that rank as the main
trouble-makers in the Middle
East: Syria and- Egypt.”

Trouble-makers?
U.S. oil profits. So
plots to make the whole area
safe for the U.S. oil kings.

But the umbrelia of “inter-
national Communism’ is wear-
ing a bit thin.

For all this time the
Union has again and again urg-
the other great powers to join
her in a declaration of non-
interference in the Middle
East, with all the powers un-
dertaking not to use force to
settle the problems of that
area.

Prime Minister Nicolai Bul-
ganin repeated the Soviet peace
plan in his letter to Prime
Minister Macmillan.

Now is the time to take the
Russians at their word.

It is in Britain’s interests.

It is in the interests of the
Middle East people str iggling
toward independence.

And it is the only chance
for world peace.

stones

jade in the past has really been
Canadian jade).

Who shows the most interest
in our gemstones today? Why
our neighbors to the south, of
course. Although a small num-
ber of Canadians, chiefly
members of the Walker Min-
eralogical Club of Toronto, a
small group in Port Arthur,
and the recently formed Fra-
ser Canyon Jade and Rock So-
ciety, and the Lapidary Club
of Vancouver, go prospecting
for and collecting our native
gems, a far greater number of
Americans are doing the same.

As a_ result, hundreds of
pounds of our gem rough
crosses the border annually. A
fair share of this is cut and
polished, set in jewellery and
then put on sale to the Ameri-
can public (and ~ Canadian
tourists.)

So—knowing our country’s
gemstone resources — can you
blame me for hoping that some
day Canadian jewelers. will
feature, and proudly I hope,
our very own Canadian gem-
stones.

e HELEN BUSH in Trader

and Canadian Jeweller

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 11