The United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean Continued from page 10 Oil-soaked doctrine Suez Canal Company — and the Suez crisis was in full swing. Behind Dulles were the U.S. oil kings, controlling over half the Middle East’s oil output. Top oil men had a secret meeting with Dulles at the U.S. State Department, just before he flew to London for the first Suez conference last August. This is revealed in a sensational document from the files of Socony-Vacuum — one of the oil giants — produced at a U.S. Senate investigation. Among the nine firms rep- resented at the secret get-to- gether were Standard Oil of New Jersey, the world’s larg- est oil trust, Standard Oil of California, the Texas Com- pany, and Socony-Vacuum. They are the co-owners of Arabian-American Oil Com- pany (Aramco), which controls the fabulous oil wealth of Saudi Arabia. They have a share in the distribution of Iranian oil, ‘a finger in Iraq’s oil and in U.S. oil interests in other Middle East countries. At the secret meeting Dulles stated “that he recognizes the oil companies were very much interested in the nationaliza- tion issue ” and assured them that his line would be “that the U.S. felt it was O.K. to nationalize only if assets were not impressed with in- ternational interest.” With oil and its profits as the chief motive, what did Dulles aim to achieve with his plot? To stem the tide of national independence, which in the Egypt - Syria - Jordan - Saudi Arabia alliance had a strong nucleus. For national inde- pendence means an end to imperialist exploitation. The British and French gov- ernments played right into his hands. By their attack on Egypt he hoped they .would attract the lion’s share of hatred for colonialism, while President gaisenhower did a kind Uncle Sam act. Not a widespread, full-scale war in the Middle East—that wouldn’t have suited the oil kings. Just enough war to damn Britain and France in Arab eyes once and for all, to weaken President Nasser's position — and to leave the door open for more U.S. in- terference in the area. So Dulles — having started the crisis —- assumed one of his favorite poses as “The Peacemaker.” But within weeks of the end of the Suez war, off came the mask. The Eisenhower Doctrine for the Middle East (chief architect: John Foster Dulles) was pushed through Congress, providing for direct U.S. military intervention in any Middle East country. A few more weeks, and, at Bermuda, British Prime Min- ister Sir Harold Macmillan was made to toe the line. The U.S. took over leadership of the imperialist Bagdad Pact, and a master plan for oil, in- cluding giant new pipelines to the Mediterranean to lessen the importance of the Suez Canal, was announced. Round the Middle East coun- rushed James Richards, special envoy, to sell the Eis- enhower Doctrine. Sometimes he persuaded with dollars. In Lebanon, the day parliament Was discussing the doctrine, the U.S. giant aircraft carrier Forrestal happened to pay a visit and sent jets screaming over Beirut, the capital. Par- liament .passed the plan. tries In Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Pakis- tan, Afghanistan, Libya, Rich- -ards made his sales talk, with a fair degree of success. Even Saudi Arabia agreed to con- tinue leasing the Dharran air- base to the U.S. for another five years. But Egypt, Syria, Jordan, still stood solid for national independence, and were plan- ning to get closer together -— possibly in a complete federa- tion — to strengthen each other. So U.S. diplomats in Jordan promised King Hussein sup- port — if he suppressed oppo- sition in his country to. the Eisenhower Doctrine and split the three countries’ Arab unit- ed policy. U.S. policy is to “hold up the hand of King Hussein,” declared Dulles, while the king brutally suppressed the deme- cratically elected government of Prime Minister Nabulsi, banned all parties and imposed rough martial law. Off went the U.S. Sixth Fleet to make sure that the king’s hand stayed up, despite the Canada's little known gem Races people are probably quite unaware of Canada’s gem resources. Admittedly we do not have the precious ruby and emeralds. Sapphires? Yes and no. The best sapphire yet found near Combermere, On- ario has been a grey blue, translucent variety. But as yet no ‘one has come across a truly top quality sapphire. : Diamonds? Yes and no. A few diamonds have been found in glacial soil swept down from the north during the Ice Age and it is the dream of ev- ery prospector to stumble some day upon their original source. Mention any other gemstone however, and the answer. will be generally a straight yes. Aquamarine — Ontario; ame- thyst—British Columbia, On- tario, Nova Scotia; zircons — Ontario, Quebec; opal, jade and peridot — British Columbia; moonstone and. -sunstone—On- tario; tourmaline — Ontario, Quebec; amber—Manitoba. As for the popular quartz miner- als,. agate, jasper, carnelian and: rock crystal are all found in British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia while rose quartz occurs in Manitoba and Ontario. Other lesser known stones, but nonetheless just as attrac- tive are the blue and green ap- atite, yellow scapolite and apple green prehnite, all in Ontario, In addition, Ontario possesses a number of richly colored opaque stones — the dark blue sodalite (related and similar to lapis lazuli), yellow cancrinite, turquoise colored amazonstone, lavender wilson- ite, pink perthite and the pat- terned thomsonite while Brit- ish Columbia has the’ rose rho- donite, And still the list could go on. Granted, all of these gem- stones do not occur in gener- ous quantities. But whether the small occurrences of some indicate a scarcity or are a clue to much larger deposits, is a moot point. Although the supply of good gem quality amethyst around Port Arthur is sadly depleted today, large colorful crystals were once so abundant that local people used them to dec- orate fireplace fronts. On the other hand, the tantalizingly small deposits of top quality aquamarine found in other parts of Ontario, suggest that this is only the beginning. Lack of demand for it, however, doesn’t warrant further pros- pecting. The pity is, this aqua- marine is every bit as good as Brazil’s. Although most Canadians may not be aware of—or in- terested—in their gem mater- ial, others have been. Back in the eighteen-hund- reds the Germans were ship- ping boat loads of agate (some the size of footballs). back to their homeland where most of the world’s agate carving is carried on. Again, in the gold rush days on the Fraser River, a century or so ago, Chinese laborers also discovered jade boulders, which they shipped to China as inconspicuously as possible. (It would be interesting to know just how much Chinese MAY 17, 1957 — united opposition of the people of Jordan. “International Communism” screamed King Hussein in Jor- dan — where the Communist party has been illegal, even under the Nabulsi government. But the phrase enables the king to call on U.S. aid under the Eisenhower Doctrine. © The U.S. show of strength is intended to influence not only events in Jordan but equally the independent stand of Syria and Egypt. Said U.S. News and World Report of the results of the Richards mission: “Another result, now becom- ing clear, is to isolate the countries that rank as the main trouble-makers in the Middle East: Syria and- Egypt.” Trouble-makers? U.S. oil profits. So plots to make the whole area safe for the U.S. oil kings. But the umbrelia of “inter- national Communism’ is wear- ing a bit thin. For all this time the Union has again and again urg- the other great powers to join her in a declaration of non- interference in the Middle East, with all the powers un- dertaking not to use force to settle the problems of that area. Prime Minister Nicolai Bul- ganin repeated the Soviet peace plan in his letter to Prime Minister Macmillan. Now is the time to take the Russians at their word. It is in Britain’s interests. It is in the interests of the Middle East people str iggling toward independence. And it is the only chance for world peace. stones jade in the past has really been Canadian jade). Who shows the most interest in our gemstones today? Why our neighbors to the south, of course. Although a small num- ber of Canadians, chiefly members of the Walker Min- eralogical Club of Toronto, a small group in Port Arthur, and the recently formed Fra- ser Canyon Jade and Rock So- ciety, and the Lapidary Club of Vancouver, go prospecting for and collecting our native gems, a far greater number of Americans are doing the same. As a_ result, hundreds of pounds of our gem rough crosses the border annually. A fair share of this is cut and polished, set in jewellery and then put on sale to the Ameri- can public (and ~ Canadian tourists.) So—knowing our country’s gemstone resources — can you blame me for hoping that some day Canadian jewelers. will feature, and proudly I hope, our very own Canadian gem- stones. e HELEN BUSH in Trader and Canadian Jeweller PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 11