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SUPREME SOVIET =

‘Defend peace, end
all nuclear tests’

By SAM RUSSELL

MOSCOW

From this capital, still singing and dancing in celebration of

the

40th anniversary of the Revolution, a peace call to the

entire world was issued last week. Coming from the Supreme
Soviet, it appeals to all working people, scientists, cultural work-

ers,

parliaments and governments to defend peaceful coexis-

tence and secure agreement to end nuclear weapon tests.

The message says: “Peace
must be ensured. And it can
be ensured through the union
of all peace-loving forces, their
better organization and greater
activity. . .. :

“People of good will! It is
Within your power to curb
those political government
leaders who disregard the in-
terests of the peoples and
8amble with their future.

“It is high time to discard
the ‘policy of strength’ and to
Teplace it with the policy of
Peaceful coexistence, the Poli-
Cy of establishing relations of
trust among states, of coopera-
tion: and friendship among the

nations.”

The Supreme Soviet calls on
the people of the world:

To secure a general reduc-
-tion of the armed forces and
armaments, and the prohibi-
tion of atomic and hydrogen
weapons. :

To secure agreement for the
immediate ending of atomic
and hydrogen weapon tests.

To establish a system of col-
lective security in Europe and
Asia.

To develop economic and
cultural contacts in every way,
to strengthen international
confidence.

Moon trip schemes
are not moonshine

fligh

MOSCOW

Calculations of the fuel and orbits needed for a successful
t to the moon show the plans for such a trip are not all

oonshine. So advanced do Soviet scientists feel the position
‘0 be that they are already planning a cosmoport from which
™MOonships” could take off regularly.

They are also designing a
©Scow-moon Space-ship and
ave produced a whole series
®f calculations on the weight
Such ships, how much fuel
“©Y Would need and the pos-
“ibility of refuelling them in
lr flight through’ space.

pany of these calculations
© contained in a sensational

ook which has appeared here

English entitled Travel to

a Worlds, by the Soviet
lentist Karl Gilzin.

And in the back are pictures

°Wing a cosmosport of the
te an interplanetary set-

Ment 10,000 miles from the
*tth, refuelling a space-ship
om a satellite.

Although these Pictures are
artist’s drawings they are
a up by such a mass of
obey calculations that they
not nearly so fantastic as

Y appear.

eee plan proposed in this

1s first to send an ordin-

‘ Tocket to the moon which

Signal’ its arrival when

_ Strikes the moon’s surface.

xt will come a robot radio

me with measuring instru-

obo, to be followed by a
television station.

hen a flight round the moon

in a space-ship without land-
ing.

Such a flight would require
only a little more power than
is needed for a single flight
to the lunar orbit. The neces-
sary velocity would be about
nine miles per second, which,
as the first two artificial satel-
lites show, could be reached
by a five-or six-stage rocket.

The organization of such
flights, Doctor Gilzin states,
would only become possible
when fuels of greater caloric
values are discovered and even
then only if refuelling could
take place en route.

Such flights, he says, would
probably take two or three
days and the _ space-ship’s
motor would work for. not
more than ten minutes, the
rest of the journey being made
without consuming a drop of
fuel. -

A refuelling station would
be built about 300 miles above
the earth, and hundreds, or
even thousands, of tons of fuel
gradually transferred from the
earth by rocket tankers to its
storage tanks.

The Moscow-Moon _ space-
ship would draw up alongside
to refuel as jet-propelled air-
planes already do in the air.

Soviet Communist Party gives
reasons for Zhukov’s removal

Marshall Zhukov, former Soviet defense minister,
ist party’s central committee last week by theunanim
as approved by all the military men and Com-munist

Reasons for the removal of the Soviet Union’s le
of the Communist party were given in a central c
work in the Army and Navy”

The central committee reso-
lution charged Zhukov with:
J — ‘Curtailing the work of

party organizations, poli-
tical organs and military coun-
cils,” and “tending toward the
abolition of leadership and
control of the army and navy
by the party.”
2—Participating in the cult

of his own _ personality
within the army through lec-
tures, articles, films, which
excessively exalted his role in
the war and thus “belittled the
efforts of the peoyle and the
party.”
$—‘inclining toward adven-

turism both in understand-
ing of the most important
tasks of the foregn policy of
the Soviet Union, and in the
leadership of the ministry of
defence,”

The resolution, while paying
tribute to Zhukov’s achieve-
ment as a military leader,
dwelt upon the achievement
and future tasks of the Soviet
armed forces and of the com-
manding and political person-
nel. ‘

It emphasized that in the
accomplishment of these tasks
“particularly great importance
is acquired by the further im-
provement of party work in
the Soviet army and navy.”

For as the resolution declar-
ed, it is through this work that
the armed forces come to know
and feel devotion to the aims
and policies of the Soviet Union
and become inspired with the
spirit. of working-class inter-
national solidarity.

This political understanding
is the responsibility of the
military councils, and . other
party organizations of the army
and navy in which, the reso-
lution states, “serious short-
comings still exist in practical
party work, while sometimes
it is plainly underestimated.”

The resolution concluded
that Zhukov had proved “a
politically: wanting figure” and
expressed confidence that par-
ty organizations, fulfilling the
decisions of the 20th Congress
of the CPSU, would further
strengthen the defensive cap-
acity of the Soviet Union.
Pravda disclosed that at
meetings of the party mem-
bers in the armed forces, many
facts were produced showing
that Marshall Zhukov: resort-
ed far too often to bureau-
cratic methods.

He was said to have been
guilty of insulting treatment
of his subordinates, not under-

MOSCOW

was excluded from the Soviet Commun-
ous vote of its members. The decision w
party officials present at the meeting.

ading military figure from the leadership
ommittee resolution on

“Party political

published by the official Soviet news agency Tass.

$

MARSHAL ZHUKOV

standing the role of educa-
tional work in a Socialist army
nor that discipline and good
morale in the Soviet Army
were bound to be based on
the political consciousness of
officers and men.

It is understood that Mar-
shall Zhukov made _ two
speeches during. the central
Committee session, in the first
of which he attempted to jus-
tify his attitude.

But after hearing the
Speeches of many of his col-
leagues and of other members
of the central committee un-
animously condemning ‘his ac-
tions he seemed to have ad-
mitted his mistakes.

In his admission Marshal
Zhukov said: “The present
plenum has been an important
party lesson for me.

“In proposing disciplinary
measures,”’ Marshall Zhukov
continued, “some comrades
said that I was removed from
the central committee once be-
fore, in Stalin’s time in 1946,
and that I had not understood
the necessity to correct the
mistakes for which I was re-
moved.

“Comrades,” he declared, “at
that time I could not and did
not regard my removal from
the central committee as cor-
rect, nor the charges which
were brought against me.

“Now, however, it is an-
other matter, and I admit my
mistakes. In the course of this
plenum I came to understand
them deeply and I promise the
central” committee to correct
my faults,”

Pravda prints reports of
party meetings held in Mos-
cow, Leningrad, Kiev and
other areas showing that Com-

©
November 15, 1957 —

munists everywhere have
unanimously approved the de-
cisions of the party’s central
committee on improving politi-
cal work in the armed forces
and the- decision to remove
Zhukov from his leading posi-
tion.

At the meeting of members
of the Moscow City organiza-
tion of the Communist party,
the main speaker was Mrs.
Furtseva, first secretary of
Moscow city committee of the
Communist party, and mem-
ber of the presidium.

At the meeting of the Mos-
cow regional party organiza-
tion, Khrushchev spoke, but
no details have been given of
his speech.

It is in an article in Prayda
that Marshal Koniev deals at
length with the political and
military mistakes of Zhukov,
giving for the first time any
details about Zhukov’s activi-
ty during the last war.

He charged thae Zhukov, by
his attitude, reduced the party
organizations in the armed
forces to mere organizations
for general education.

He was responsible also for
particularly violent distortions
of party policy in the training
and education 6f officers and
sought to replace all educa-
tional work by” bureaucratic
methods, Koniev charged.

“Marshal Zhukov had a ten-
dency to regard the armed
forces as his private domain
and tried to present himself
as a faultless military. leader
and commander at the front.”

Koniev said that while no
one denied Zhukov’s great
Patriotic services he was, to
say the least, lacking in mod-
esty when he glorified him-
self and exaggerated his own
role in the armed forces’ suc-
cesses.

Zhukov is accused of mis-
takes at the front which often
led to the failure of specific
operations and which resulted
in unnecessarily heavy casual-
ties, while at the same time
seeking to conceal his own
miscalculations, particularly in
the Berlin operations.

Koniev also gives examples
of the way in which Zhukoy
promoted his own cult of per-
sonality, using his position as
defense minister to get the
history of the last war written
in such a way as to show him-
self as the main hero.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3