New docking system developed By ALEXE] GOROKHOV APN Special Correspondent MOSCOW — One of the main achievements of the Apollo-So- yuz Experimental Flight Fro- gram has been the development and successful test of an entirely new system of docking. We are fully determined to bring the undertaking to its conclusion, said Robert White, a 35-year old engineer from the. National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration (NASA), in an interview with Novosti Press Agency. White is in charge of the third. working group of Ameri- can specialists to prepare the. mission of the Soviet Soyuz and American Apollo spacecraft. The interview took place in one of the laboratories of Mos- cow’s Institute of Space Studies of the USSR Academy of Sci- ences. The Soviet and American “test teams” are engaged here in development work on the flight models of docking me- chanism. Next summer these A. FILIPCHENKO mechanism will help bring about the first docking of manned ships of different countries in the history of space exploitation. The main difficulty in the In preparation for the July link- up the Soviet Union sent the backup crew for the joint mis- sion into space on Dec. 1 for a -test flight. Col. Anatoly Filip- chenko, commander and Nikolai - Rukavishnikov, flight engineer were aboard Soyuz 16, which is identical to the craft that will be used in the actual linkup. Filipchenko and Rukavishnikov will back up fosmonauts Alexei Leonov and Valery Kubasov. The space shot was announced one-and-a-half hours after blast- off and Soviet space officials feel that the flight is an essential part of the Soviet preparation for the Soyuz-Apollo linkup in July. Apollo - Soyuz Experimental Flight Program was developing comparable docking units. Ear- lier, both the Soviet Union and ‘the USA used what was describ- ‘ed as the “rodcone” pattern in the docking pf space vehicle. ‘Different approaches to the prin- ciples of the design solution of the problem led to a situation where an orbital rendevouz of vehicles of two countries became impossible. Because the intensi- fication of manned space flights added urgency to the question of mutual assistance in outer space, the task of creating com- patible means of docking be- came pressing. From a_ host. of ways to ‘achieve compatibility, the sides chose the optimum one. Key - ‘docking, kinematic and dynamic details were discussed and agreed: upon, a general plan chosen, and the final objective defined. The translation into metal of a structure ensuring the fulfilment of this final aim was entrusted to specialists of each country who relied in their work on the experience accumulated in both countries. This was how a fundamentally new docking system emerged, an “androgy- nous” or compatible system, as specialists call it, which enables any spacecraft to perform both “active” and “passive” func- tions during rendezvous in orbit. It may be recalled that at the end of 1972 large-scale models — of docking units were tested in Moscow, while the following year development work was car- ried out in the USA on mock- ups. : In the autumn of last year, American specialists saw the Soviet docking mechanism for the first time. White says that it is at a high technical level in © complete conformity with agreed documentation. A series of joint tests showing the high degree of reliability of the docking units satisfied both sides. White added that specialists were pleased that problems, even when they arose, were related not to the docking units themselves, . but rather to the reproduction on the earth of weightlessness and other factors of space flight. This is known to have always Apollo-Soyuz linkup for July caused certain difficulties in pre-flight preparation of men and equipment. - “We value highly the excep- tional professionalism of the Soviet specialists participating in the joint trials,” White said in conclusion. “It is easy for us to decide questions as they arise, ‘because we understand one an- other well. White added, “are proud to be taking part in this historic work from the very beginning .. .” N, RUKAVISHNIKOV TOth Anniversary Zambia is marking its 10 years on the political map of Africa. On October 24, 1964, the British Union Jack -was hauled down from the flagstaff in Lusaka and the national flag of the new, in- dependent state ‘was hoisted up. Continued from page 5 that his campaign workers ' worked ‘“‘damned hard for every one of the votes’ I received.” Commenting on those who were elected in the Ward, Case said, “T think it’s a bad thing for the city of Toronto that George Ben has been returned, but with the massive plans under way for the re-development of the lower end of the Ward, I feel confident that . Ben will not be able to.cope and will discredit himself.” ’ Discussing his plans for after the: elections, Case said: “We made many contacts in the Ward and we'll be trying to build a tenants organization.” Three other candidates .who were endorsed by the Tribune for their progressive programs, were not available for comment at Tribune press time. The three are John Sweet, aldermanic can- didate in North York’s Ward 1, Jerry Hill, aldermanic candidate in Toronto’s Ward 3 and Joe Grabek, aldermanic candidate in Toronto’s Ward 1. Close races for School Boards TORONTO — Many of the municipal Board of Education candidates who were supported by the Tribune election slate were pleased with the. voter re- sponse to their program and to the size of their votes in the Dec. 2 elections. Andy. Stanley, who ran in Toronto’s Ward 4, finished only 55 votes behind the second place position for a seat on the Board of Education. “We had a good platform and- -good people working for us,” Stanley said of the campaign that led to the surprisingly close PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1974—Page 10 Good Vote race. “We’re very happy with the 895 votes and it leaves all of us who worked in the cam- _paign in a good position to do more work in the Ward in the. next two years,” he ‘said. In an interview with the Trib- une, Dora Stewart, who received 1,164 votes and who finished fourth in her bid for Board of Education in Etobicoke’s Ward 5, said that even though she didn’t win, her campaign was able.to bring out issues of inter- est to voters even though some of the pundits insisted that there were no real issues in the cam- paign. j She said that she was. inter- ested in getting at some of the education problems in the ward -after the election and said that in the course of election cam- paigning she met many people who wanted to help in that work. In Toronto’s Ward 5, Debra Lewis, who was in a three-way race for the Board of Education, with two to be elected, finished third but her enthusiasm was not dampened by the defeat. “We caught people’s attention, with our program, especially in the west end-of the Ward where there are many new immigrants and working-class people.” Ms. Lewis received 3,527 votes, - My colleagues,” | BUSINESS LOOKS FOR BIG WAR Continued from page 5 spreads. The Toronto Globe and Mail gave generous space to economist Friedrich von Hayek to warn that inflation allowed to go on “leads to a complete dis- organization of all economic ac- tivity.” He said that from the capitalist point of view, ‘merely to stop inflation or even to slow down its rate will produce sub- stantial unemployment.’” ” This is typical of “solutions” to keep the burden of the sys- tem’s crises on the working people. But von Hayek notes that government failure to cope with unemployment “will cause grave social disturbances.-But if this is so, we probably have it no longer in our power to pre- vent it.” . The federal-provincial welfare © ministers were, perhaps thinking of this. as they rushed to come up with some kind of guaran- teed-income plant at their meet- ~ ing in November, to ease the distinction between those who are working and those on wel- fare, Politicians like Finance Minis- ter Turner try to convince us that we must learn to live with 5% unemployment — but it is already 5.4% and rising, with 7% forecast by the Conference of Board of Canada. Indeed, workers have never accepted 5% out of work as equivalent to full employment — and they never will.